第一作者于蓬男，博士生，1986年生

通信作者章桐男，教授,博士生导师，1960年生

电动车减/差速器振动特性分析及改进

于蓬1,2,章桐1,2,3,冷毅1,2,郭荣1,2

(1.同济大学新能源汽车工程中心，2.同济大学汽车学院，3.同济大学中德学院，上海201804)

摘要：以某纯电动车的减/差速器为研究对象，首先考虑齿轮啮合刚度、传动误差、齿侧间隙和轴承因素，建立了齿轮传动系模型；然后考虑传动轴、差速器壳体以及减速器壳体的柔性，建立了减/差速器系统综合耦合模型，对其进行动态响应仿真分析及试验验证；最后通过轮齿微观修形减小齿轮传递误差波动的幅值，降低壳体表面阶次振动的峰值。结果表明，所建立的综合耦合模型能较好的预测减/差速器系统的振动特性，揭示各个振动阶次产生的原因，轮齿修形可使齿轮副传递误差波动幅值和壳体表面阶次振动峰值分别降低40%和57%，对减/差速器啸叫问题的解决起到一定的积极作用。

关键词：电动车；减/差速器；有限元；转鼓试验；轮齿修形

基金项目：国家863计划项目(2011AA11A265);国家自然科学基金(51205290);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(1700219118)

收稿日期：2014-09-24修改稿收到日期：2014-12-03

中图分类号:U469.72+2

文献标志码：A

DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.07.014

Abstract:Targeting the improvement of the differential/reducer of electric vehicle, a bending-torsion-axial motion-swinging coupled gear train analysis model was built, in consideration of the effects of gear meshing stiffness, transmission errors, backlash and bearing factors. Then, an integrated coupled model of differential/reducer system considering the flexibility of shaft, differential housing and gearbox housing was established, and the dynamic response simulation analysis and experimental verification were conducted. Gear teeth modifications were carried out to reduce the amplitude of transmission error，as well as the order vibration of power train shell surface. The results show that the integrated coupled model can predict the vibration characteristics of the differential/reducer system effectively and reveal the resource of each vibration order. The teeth modification can reduce the amplitude of transmission error and the order vibration peak of shell surface by 40% and 57%, respectively, which provides a positive effect to resolve the problem of differential/reducer whine.

Vibration characteristics analysisand improvement of differential/reducer of electric vehicle

YUPeng1,2,ZHANGTong1,2,3,LENGYi1,2,GUORong1,2(1. New Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;2. School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;3. Sino-German College of Applied Sciences，Tongji University，Shanghai 201804,China)

Key words:electric vehicle; differential/reducer; finite element; dynamometer test; gear teeth modification

集中式驱动电动车存在两类明显的高阶次噪声，电机啸叫噪声和减/差速器啸叫噪声，着眼于后者进行研究。电动车用减/差速器往往采用固定速比传动，造成多数齿轮在重载荷条件下工作，其转速范围也远高于传统内燃机车辆的变速箱，在几种车型的消声室噪声试验中发现，电动车减/差速器的敲击噪声较小而啸叫噪声明显；……