不同种子处理及覆盖措施对核桃育苗效果的影响

马秀艳

(宽甸满族自治县宽甸镇林业工作站，辽宁 丹东 118200)

摘要通过采取3种种子处理方式和2种覆盖措施进行辽东山区核桃播种育苗试验，结果表明，3种不同种子处理方法的出苗率大小顺序为：混沙层积催芽(86%)>圃地冷冻催芽(83.6%)>冷浸日晒催芽(73%)>对照CK(29%)；2种覆盖方式对苗高和保存率影响显著，对地径影响差异不大。实际生产中建议采取圃地冷冻催芽方式和遮阳网覆盖方式进行核桃播种育苗。

关键词核桃；种子处理；播种方法；保留密度

中图分类号：S664.1

文献标识码：A

doi:10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2015.08.012

AbstractSowing and nursing experiments for Juglans regia in eastern mountains were conducted by adopting three kinds of seed treatment and two kinds of mulching measures. Result shows that the descending order of germination rate among three different seed treatments is germination with mixed sand stratification (86%)>germination under freezing in nursery (83.6%)> germination under cold-soak & solarization (73%)> CK (29% ). Two kinds of mulching methods, which have significant effects on height & preservation rate, affect little on ground diameter. It is recommended to take two treatments (freezing way in nursery and mulching with shading net) on raising seedlings of Juglans regia.

Influence of Different Seeds Treatment and Mulching

Measures on Effects of Nursery forJuglansregia

Ma Xiuyan

( Forestry Work Station of Kuandian Town,Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Dandong 118200,China)

Key wordsJuglansregia; seed treatment; seed-sowing methods; retention density

核桃(JuglansregiaL.)又称胡桃，羌桃，属胡桃科落叶乔木，与扁桃、腰果、榛子并称为世界著名的“四大干果”。核桃既是重要的油料树种和用材树种，又是园林绿化的优良树种。核桃木材是飞机、军械、器械和高级家具的珍贵用材。核桃仁可作为食用、药用及工业原料。外果皮和树皮可制褐色染料及栲胶，内果皮可药用及制活性炭，同时，核桃树是山区、城乡和庭院的优良绿化树种[1，2]。

伴随经济发展、环境需求加大以及生活水平的提高，对核桃树及其产品的需求日益增大，山区造林和绿化对核桃苗的需求不断加大，核桃育苗前景广阔。但是，核桃在播种育苗过程中存在核桃壳较厚，导致不易出苗或出苗不整齐的现象，严重影响了核桃苗木的产量和质量。本文在总结辽东山区多年成功经验的同时，通过试验研究，在种子处理和播种方法等方面提出了标准化育苗技术措施，以期为规范辽东山区核桃播种育苗工作提供科学依据。