章古台沙地人工促进樟子松天然更新研究
2016-01-06刘淑玲,陈江燕
章古台沙地人工促进樟子松天然更新研究
刘淑玲,陈江燕
(辽宁省固沙造林研究所,辽宁 阜新 123000)
摘要针对樟子松在大部分引种区天然更新困难的问题,在气候恶劣的章古台地区开展人工促进天然更新技术研究,结果显示:对樟子松母树进行浇水施肥,增加了母树结实量;整地有助于樟子松天然更新,提高了樟子松天然更新密度和更新幼苗抗旱能力;不同防寒覆盖措施试验以白沙土覆盖为最好,幼苗越冬保存率和幼苗状况较好,易于操作,是最好的覆盖模式,其次为纱布+覆土、覆土、地被植物+覆土;冬季积雪厚度影响樟子松幼苗越冬保存率,积雪厚度大有利于天然更新樟子松幼苗安全越冬。
关键词章古台;樟子松;天然更新
中图分类号:S754.1;S791.253
文献标识码:A
doi:10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2015.08.006
AbstractAiming at the difficult problem of natural-regenerated Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in most introduction area, the research on artificial promotion of natural regeneration technology in bad climate at Zhanggutai Region were carried out. Result shows that watering and fertilizing on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica can increase the seed production; soil preparation improve the regenerated density of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and drought resistance of regenerated seedlings; among different cold proof measures, mulching with the white sand soil,which is easy to operate, is the optimal mode to mulch,and the overwintering preservation rate and conditions of seedlings is optimal by using above-mentioned mulching mode; followed by gauze+soil mulching, soil mulching, groundcover plants+soil mulching; winter snow’s thickness affect the overwintering survival rate of seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica; the big thickness of snow is conducive to safe wintering the seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica.
收稿日期:2015-03-17
作者简介:李宁(1981-),男,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,工程师,现从事林业技术推广工作.
Artificial Promotion of Natural Regeneration of
Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolicain Zhanggutai Sandy Land
Liu Shuling,Chen Jiangyan
(Liaoning Provincial Dune-Fixation and Afforestation Institute, Fuxin 123000, China)
Key wordsZhanggutai;Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolica; natural regeneration
樟子松(Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolica)是欧洲赤松(P.sylvestris)的一个地理变种[1],天然分布在我国的大兴安岭和呼伦贝尔沙地,是天然更新能力非常强的树种。1955年,在辽宁省章古台沙地上,引种樟子松获得成功,开创了樟子松治沙造林的先例[2],成为我国三北防护林工程和治沙工程建设的主要针叶造林树种。樟子松在章古台沙地幼林阶段一直表现稳定,生长较快,发挥了显著的生态效益与经济效益,但是,至30~40年生林分出现了生长缓慢,提早衰弱,40~45年生便进入更新阶段[3]。更新分为人工更新和天然更新2种,人工更新见效快的特点使之成为目前我国森林更新的主要方式,而天然更新的成本低、林分稳定性强、生态效益高等优点对于干旱半干旱地区尤为重要,但干旱地区的气候特点,增加了天然更新的难度。……
