超燃冲压发动机燃烧室准一维建模与分析

张栋,唐硕

(西北工业大学 航天飞行动力学技术重点实验室,西安 710072)

摘要:为了研究超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内气流变化规律,通过影响系数法,建立了超燃冲压发动机的准一维模型,该模型考虑了燃料质量添加、壁面传热、截面变化、壁面摩擦等影响因素,同时给出了燃烧室3种模态转换的边界条件。以单模块超燃冲压发动机为研究对象,仿真分析了超燃无激波模态和超燃斜激波模态下燃油当量比、攻角等参数对燃烧室气流参数的影响,结果表明,气流马赫数随当量比的增大、攻角的增大而减小。所建立的模型可为超燃冲压发动机总体设计及性能分析提供一种快速分析的手段。

关键词:超燃冲压发动机;燃烧室;双模态;一维模型

收稿日期:2014-04-04

基金项目:航天技术支撑

作者简介:张栋(1986- ),男,讲师,研究方向为高超声速飞行器动力学建模与控制。E-mail:zhangdong@nwpu.edu.cn。

中图分类号:V235文献标识码:A

QuasiOne-dimensionalModelingandAnalysisofScramjetCombustor

ZHANGDong,TANGShuo

(NationalKeyLaboratoryofAerospaceFlightDynamics,NorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity,Xi’an710072,China)

Abstract:To study the change regularity of airflow in the combustor of scramjet engine,the influence coefficient method was used to mode the quasi one-dimensional model of scramjet combustor,which contained some influence factors such as fuel quality flow,wall heat transfer,cross-sectional variation and wall friction.The conversion boundary conditions of the three modes of the combustor were also presented in this work.A single-module scramjet engine was taken as study object.The effects of fuel equivalent ratio and attack angle on airflow parameters were simulated under scramjet modes without shock-wave and with oblique shock-wave.The presented model provides a method of the overall design of scramjet engine and performance analysis.

Keywords:scramjetengine;combustor;dualmode;one-dimensionalmodel

燃烧室是超燃冲压发动机最重要也是研制难度最大的关键部件。超燃冲压发动机的研究始于超声速燃烧现象及超声速燃烧室。燃烧室气流流动的本质是三维流动,燃烧室内流场非常复杂,存在着激波/边界层交互、边界层分离等复杂的物理现象,虽然采用CFD数值模拟方法计算冷态流场效果很好,但是当涉及到燃料注入、超声速、亚声速燃烧计算时难以得到满意的效果,而且计算量大,计算效率低,不便于总体性能分析与优化设计。……