文/五花肉

把音乐厅搬回家，随时享受美妙的音乐，是人类自发明留声机以来的100多年间，孜孜以求的梦想。随着音频技术标准的不断发展，从最初的双声道到如今的八声道，寻常百姓的朴素音乐梦想已经触手可及。

Enjoying concert at home is the dream that human have pursued since the phonograph was invented 100 years ago. From the initial dualchannel to eight-channel till now, thanks to the development of the audio standards, the music dream of ordinary folks has come true.

双声道—高保真的起点Dual-channel Stereo—Origin of Hi-Fi

1957年，美国无线电公司（RCA）率先将双声道立体声唱片投入商用，通过左、右两声道间录制成电平不同的声音信号，制造出声源在两路扬声器之间移动的感觉，产生立体声效果，广受市场好评，双声道技术自此迅速得到普及。

In 1957, RCA Corporation initially introduced the dual-channel stereo discs into commercial application. Different electrical levels of audio signal were recorded in left and right channels to create the stereo sound effect. The stereo technology widely acclaimed in the market and rapidly grew popular in the world.

为了评价立体声系统的质量，Hi-Fi（High-Fidelity俗称高保真）标准应运而生：要求音像制品频率响应达到40Hz～16kHz的均匀放声，不均匀度不大于5dB，非线性失真小于0.3%等。

In order to evaluate the quality of stereo sound system,high- fi delity ( Hi-Fi ) was developed, which requires that frequency response of audio and video products reach 40Hz-16kHz sound reproduction evenly;unevenness be no more than 5dB and non-linear distortion be less than 0.3%, etc.

多声道—身临其境的体验Multi-Channel—Immersive Experience

到了1977年，美国杜比公司在双声道的基础上，成功研发出四声道的杜比立体声技术（Dolby Stereo）。杜比公司把左、中、右、环绕的四个声道信号编码合成为双声道，在播放时将其解码还原成四声道信号。通过这种技术，即使是普通的家庭音响设备，也能让人感受到身临其境的音乐体验。

In 1977, Dolby Laboratories Inc developed multichannel technology——Dolby Stereo based on dualchannel sound system. Dolby technology encoded four original channels, namely left; center; right and surround into two channels and decoded the two channels into four channels in performance. Such a multi-channel audio technology was applied into family audio system, which created the immersive music experience at home.

一时间，杜比标准成为了衡量音响设备质量的重要依据，通过杜比认证的产品，也成为了优质音响设备的代名词。

Dolby standards became important criteria to evaluate the quality of audio equipment at that time. Products certified by Dolby Inc symbolized superior acoustic fi delity.

数字时代—音频标准大发展Digital Era—Great Leap in Audio Standards

数字时代的到来，再次加快了音频标准发展的步伐。

The advent of digital era accelerated the development of audio standards.

1991年，杜比公司与日本先锋公司共同研发出杜比AC-3音频标准。该标准使用数码压缩编码技术将6个完全独立的声道进行数字化处理，使用户获得更加清晰的音乐细节。两年之后，AC-3标准被正式认定为美国高清晰度电视的音频编码、解码标准。

Dolby AC-3 was created by the joint efforts of Dolby Inc and Pioneer Corporation in 1991. This standard encoded six separate channels signal into digital data, which improved sound quality. Two years later,AC-3 was officially recognized as the audio coding and decoding standard for American high-definition television (HDTV).

此后，另一家美国公司发布了DTS标准，通过更高的数据流量和更低的数字压缩比，进一步提升了声音的还原度和清晰度。杜比和DTS两家公司研发的8种音频规格,也成为了目前视听应用的主流音频标准。

Later, DTS Corporation developed DTS standard.Compared with Dolby standard, DTS standard boasted a higher fidelity with more data flow and lower compression ratio. Eight audio standards developed by Dolby Laboratories and DTS respectively have been the mainstream audio standards in audio-visual applications by far.

结 语 Conclusion

升级音频技术，引领产业方向，音频设备产业的每一次重要革新和市场飞跃，都离不开标准的推波助澜，让原本奢侈专享的“音乐厅”，真正飞入了寻常百姓的客厅，为人类100多年的音乐梦想附上了圆满的注脚。

Standards make great contribute to every step of audio technology innovation. Thanks to the audio technology standardization, it makes possible to get experience of concert and cinema at home. Music dream in 100 years of ordinary folks eventually has come true.