常 英

教学设计

通过诗歌和歌曲学习虚拟语气的用法
——以虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法教学设计为例

常 英

虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法是历年高考英语的考查重点之一。要做好英语语法教学工作，不可做过多的讲解，应该让学生在“用中学”。通过诗歌和歌曲学习虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法，使教学在师生互动、生生互动中轻松进行，能够使学生学有所获，教师教有所长。

虚拟语气；诗歌；歌曲；条件状语从句

一、教学目标

Knowledge goals（语言目标）

1.Enable students to learn different forms of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences.

2.Enable students to discover and use the different forms of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences correctly and freely in proper situation through songs and poems.

Ability goals（能力目标）

Be able to use the subjunctive mood in relation to conditional sentences in daily life,expressing wishes,regrets and dreams.

Feelings and Value goals（情感目标）

1.Stimulate students'interest in learning English grammar through songs and poems.

2.Develop students'sense of teamwork and cooperation.

Teaching key points

Be able to use the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences.

Teaching difficult point

Work out some exercises concerning the use of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences freely, correctly and properly.

Teaching methods

Task-based teaching and learning,students-centred,summarizing,cooperative method,practicing activities.

Learning methods

group work,cooperative learning

二、教材分析及备课思路

人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修模块6（刘道义2007）的第一、二单元的语法教学是虚拟语气，第一单元学习与现在和将来事实相反的虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法，第二单元学习与过去事实相反的虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。为了使学生更好地学习掌握虚拟语气的用法，教师应整合教材内容，利用两节课讲授这个语法项目。第一节课学习虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法，第二节课学习虚拟语气的其他用法。教学中通过“呈现—发现—归纳—实践—活用”进行语法教学。

《高中英语新课程标准（实验）》指出，培养学生的综合语言运用能力，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，同时切实提高语法课堂的知识性和趣味性，提升学生的学习能力，培养学生的合作意识和探究精神，为他们的终身学习奠定基础（教育部2003）。

中学英语语法课是必要的，符合学生认知规律的循序渐进的语法教学能够迅速有效地帮助学生准确地理解和掌握英语。语法教学不可做过多的讲解，给学生造成语法“繁、难、杂”的印象，应让学生在“用中学”。因此，本节课就通过诗歌和歌曲学习虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法，积极鼓励学生在学习中努力尝试，使教学在师生互动、生生互动中轻松进行，使学生和教师能学有所获，教有所长。

三、教学环节及设计意图

Step 1:Lead in—Enjoy a poem

Encourage the students to read this poem in chorus and individually.Focus on the forms of the underlined words and learn the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences through this poem.

If All the Skies Were Sunshine

By Henry van Dyke

If all the skies were sunshine,如果满天是阳光，

Our faces would be fain我们的脸庞就会渴望

Ifalltheworldweremusic,如果世界各地音乐飘飘

，Our hearts would often long我们的心灵就会不时想要

If life were always merry,如果生活总是欢乐，

Our souls would seek relief我们的灵魂就会寻求释放（朱敏琦2012）

【设计意图】诗歌表达的是真实的情感，诗歌创作的素材来源于生活，通过对Henry van Dyke的If All the Skies Were Sunshine这首诗的鉴赏，用诗歌中的几个句子引出非真实条件句，学习与现在事实相反的虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。使学生学习语法的紧张心情可以得到放松。让学生认真明白：虚拟语气不表示一个客观事实，而是用来表示说话人的主观假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

Step 2:Listening and singing

As we know,English songs are popular with students,Beyonce's songs in particular.Play the songs“If I Were a Boy”sung by Beyonce to arouse students'interest in learning English grammar through songs.So encourage the students to focus on the listening exercise and ask the students to fill in the blanks with a proper word while listening.

If I were a boy

Even just for a day

I'd roll out of bed in the morning

I'd kick it with who I wanted

And I'd ever get confronted for it

Because they'd stick up for me

If I were a boy

I think I could understand...

【设计意图】英文歌曲中虚拟语气的应用是很频繁的，英语歌曲中的歌词常常表达人们内心的许多愿望，使学生在歌曲中轻松愉快地学习语法结构，激发学生学习英语语法的兴趣，突破学习语法结构这个难点，达到事半功倍的教学效果。通过让学生在欣赏这首歌曲的同时补全歌词，使学生带着问题学习，让学生体会所填内容，引出非真实条件句，进一步学习与现在事实相反的虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。

Step 3：Group work

Play a game“If I were a...，I would...”.

Get the students to work in groups.Encourage them to imagine what they would do if they could be somebody or do something.Make their sentences as interesting and imaginative as they can.Finally share some with the class.

Example：

If I were a rich man，I would make sure that all poor people had enough to eat.

If I were a big tree，I would grow so tall that I'd touch the sky.

If I were a bird，I could fly freely in the sky.

（2007年普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修6第43页）

【设计意图】通过假设虚拟情境，让学生积极参与到教学情景设计中，用所学的虚拟句式造句或表达观点。通过游戏，鼓励学生表达美好的愿望，让学生展开想象力，和同伴利用歌曲中的典型句式畅谈自己的梦想，抒发自己的情怀。这样可以加强学生间的思想交流，使学生互相合作、互相学习、同伴互助，发表自己的观点，主动去获取知识，在用中学习了语法句式，使学习过程更加具有趣味性，学生也会有一定的成就感。

Step 4：Reading aloud

Encourage the students to read this poem in chorus and in pairs.Focus on the forms of the underlined words and go on learning the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences through this poem.

Our First Football Match

We would have won

if Jack had scored that goal,

We would have won...

if we had been better!（2007年普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修6第10页）

【设计意图】通过听和朗读这首诗，让学生仔细观察这首诗的动词形式，学习与过去事实相反的虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。使学生明白：在学习生活中，我们都曾经留下了缺憾，但我们要相信不经历风雨怎么见彩虹，只有努力了才能够成功。

Step 5：Sing a song

Play the song“If it hadn't been for love”sung by Adele.Get the students to fill each blank with proper words while listening.

If it hadn't been for love

by Adele.

Never would have hitchhiked to Birmingham

If it hadn't been for love

Never would have caught the train to Louisiana

If it hadn't been for love

Never would have run through the blinding rain

Without one dollar to my name

If it hadn't been if it hadn't been for love

【设计意图】通过听歌曲If it hadn't been for love进行听力训练，让学生仔细观察这首歌的动词形式，在歌曲中继续学习虚拟语气，重点学习与过去事实相反的虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。

Step 6：Group work

Get the students to work in groups to fill in this chart and sum up the structures of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences.

表1：虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

【设计意图】设计用表格呈现，鼓励学生通过小组合作学习，总结虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的语法（如表1）。虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。鼓励他们积极参与小组学习活动，发展学生自主学习能力（教育部2003），发现问题及时解决，增强学生合作意识。

Step 7:Explanations

1.虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的省略：在虚拟条件状语从句中可以省略if，将were，had， should提到句首，变为倒装句。如：

If Mike were free now,he would go with us. ==>Were Mike free now，he would go with us.

If Mary had studied harder last term,she would have made greater progress.==>Had he studied harder lastterm,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.

If it should rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the sport meet.==>Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sport meet.

2.含蓄条件句

Without your timely help，I couldn't havefinished my work.

He hesitated；otherwise he would have scored that goal.

【设计意图】教师进行适当地点拨解释，帮助学生拓宽语法知识，灵活运用虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。

Step 8：Practice

Encourage the students to work out the following exercises in groups of four.Hold the belief that I can do it.Get the students to discuss their problems if any.Get all the students involved in group work and express their opinions.

I.Match the beginning of each sentence with the correct ending.

1.I would have waited for her

A.if she saw a snake.

2.Clare would be frightened

B.if he hadn't tripped over.

3.I would have been on time

C.if we had money.

4.Jack would have run first

D.if she had asked.

5.We would buy a bigger house

E.if my mother had woken up.

（2007年普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修6第50页）

II.Choose the best answer from A，B，C or D.

1.If I_____it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.（杜志建2015，北京卷，34）

A.didn't seeB.weren't seeing

C.Wouldn't seeD.hadn't seen

2.It might have saved me much trouble_____ the schedule.（杜志建2015，江苏卷，28）

A.did I knowB.have I known

C.do I knowD.had I known

3.Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway _____his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.（杜志建2015，重庆卷，7）

A.Didn't writeB.hadn't written

C.wouldn't write D.wouldn't have written

4.We_____back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.（杜志建2014，北京卷，34）

A.areB.wereC.will beD.would be

5._____no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.（杜志建2014，福建卷，32）

A.Were thereB.Had there been

C.If there areD.If there have been

6.Sorry，I am too busy now.If I_____time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.

（杜志建2012，湖南卷，29）

A.have hadB.had had

C.haveD.had

7.Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she_____there,she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.（杜志建2012，安徽卷，31）

A.livesB.would live C.having askedD.were to live

【设计意图】通过句子配对和7个高考单选题真题训练，了解学生对虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法的理解程度，及时发现学生学习中存在的问题，教师进行适当地点拨解释，使学生学习印象加深，帮助他们拓宽语法知识，增长见识。通过高考题，提醒学生解题技巧，提高答题准确率，使学生明白其实高考题中相关的语法题都是非常基础的，帮助学生树立学习信心，相信自己。

Step 9：Sing a song—Never say goodbye sung by Hayley Westenra

If I could take this moment forever

Turn the pages of my mind

To another place and time

We would never say goodbye

If I could find the words I would speak them

Then I wouldn't be tongue tied

【设计意图】通过这首歌曲复习本节学习的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法，鼓励学生在英语歌曲中寻找学习的乐趣，快乐学习，健康成长。

Step 10：Summary

1.Had I really succeeded at anything else,I might never have found the determination to succeedin the one arena where I believe I truly belonged.—J.K.Rowling

2.I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.

—Steve Jobs

【设计意图】播放两个小视频片段，通过J.K.罗琳2008年在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲——失败的好处和想象力的重要性及乔布斯2005年在斯坦福大学毕业演讲中的含有虚拟语气句子的学习，让学生及时巩固与过去事实相反的虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法，组织学生朗读欣赏这些句子，鼓励学生在合适的时候做合适的事情，抓住机遇，永不放弃。

Homework：

1.Surf the Internet and look for more poems and songs in which the subjunctive mood is used.

2.Work in groups of four by talking about their wishes and giving their reasons as well,using If I were a...because I would...

【设计意图】结合单元话题诗歌，让学生通过诗歌和歌曲表达自己美好的愿望，或回忆自己在学习生活中曾经留下的缺憾，利用本节课所学知识进行口语训练和写作训练。一方面巩固虚拟语气的用法，另一方面，及时告诉学生把握今天，面对事实，充分利用时间，过健康快乐充实的生活，做最好的自己。

引用文献

杜志建.2012.金考卷特快专递全国各省市高考试题汇编.英语[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆青少年出版社.

杜志建.2014.金考卷特快专递全国各省市高考试题汇编.英语[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆青少年出版社.

杜志建.2015.金考卷特快专递全国各省市高考试题汇编.英语[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆青少年出版社.

教育部.2003.普通高中英语课程标准（实验）[S].北京：人民教育出版社.

刘道义.2007.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修6[M].北京：人民教育出版社.

朱敏琦.2012.If All the Skies Were Sunshine[J].新东方英语teens，（11）：1.

作者信息：710082，陕西西安，陕西省西安市第一中学