芦笋茎枯病及抗病育种研究进展
2015-12-09郑金龙贺春萍易克贤习金根高建明张世清陈河龙吴伟怀郑肖兰粱艳琼刘巧莲
郑金龙++贺春萍++易克贤+++习金根++高建明+张世清++陈河龙++吴伟怀++郑肖兰++粱艳琼++刘巧莲
摘 要 芦笋茎枯病是一种毁灭性的病害,是芦笋最主要的病害之一。近年来,该病在全国范围内普遍发生,给芦笋产业造成严重损失。综述了芦笋茎枯病的病原生物学、发病规律、防治方法以及抗病育种研究进展,为芦笋茎枯病抗病育种提供一些信息和参考。
关键词 芦笋 ;茎枯病 ;抗病育种 ;研究进展
分类号 S644.6
Research Progress on Asparagus Stem Wilt and Disease Resistance Breeding
ZHENG Jinlong1) HE Chunping1) YI Kexian1,2) XI Jingen1)
GAO Jianming2) ZHANG Shiqing2) CHEN Helong2) WU Weihuai1)
ZHENG Xiaolan1) LIANG Yanqiong1) LIU Qiaolian2)
(1 Environment and Plant Protection Institute /
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management
on Tropical Crops, CATAS, Haikou, Hainan 571101
2 Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology / Ministry of Agriculture
Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, Hainan 571101)
Abstract Asparagus stem wilt is a devastating disease which is the most important diseases of asparagus. Recently, widespread of this disease in China caused serious losses to the asparagus industry. In the paper, research progress on biology of Asparagus stem wilt, disease patterns, control methods and breeding for disease resistance are reviewed in order to provide some information and reference for asparagus resistance breeding to stem wilt disease.
Keywords asparagus ; stem wilt ; breeding for disease resistance ; research progress
芦笋(Asparagus officinalis L.)又名石刁柏、龙须菜,属百合科(Liliaceae)天门冬属多年生宿根性草本植物[1],是一种深受消费者喜爱的营养保健型高档蔬菜,同时具有很好的减肥、抗肿瘤、抗氧化,降血压、降血脂和降血糖等功效,其药用价值颇高[2-5],曾被誉为“防癌保健蔬菜”,是目前国际市场出口创汇的紧销商品[6]。
芦笋原产于地中海沿岸及小亚细亚一带,大约在清朝末期传入我国,有100多年栽培历史。芦笋病害是当前生产上的主要制约因素,主要包括茎枯病(Phmopsis asparagi Sacc)、立枯病(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi Cohen)、褐斑病(Cercospora asparagi Sacc)、锈病(Puccinia asparagi-lucidi Diet)、叶斑病(Cercospora asparagicola Speg)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum sp.)、灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea Person)、冠腐病(F. momiliforme Sheld)、紫色根腐病(Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka)等。目前以茎枯病发生最为普遍而且严重,严重影响着芦笋的产量与质量[7],一旦得了茎枯病,轻者生长发育不良,降低产量与品质,重者病株提前枯死并迅速传染至相邻植株,全田毁灭[8-10]。在全球不同生态区之间,病害的发生与流行表现一定差异,相对于欧美,中国、日本和泰国等亚洲国家因主产区湿热气候和引进品种的生态适应性差,导致芦笋茎枯病病害十分严重,经济损失巨大[11-14],芦笋茎枯病已成为严重制约着我国芦笋产业发展的一个瓶颈[15]。……
