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甘肃迭部—白龙江南支断裂中东段晚第四纪构造活动特征

2015-12-05刘兴旺袁道阳邵延秀吴赵

地球科学与环境学报 2015年6期

刘兴旺 袁道阳 邵延秀 吴赵

摘 要:通过卫星影像解译、野外实地调查与地质填图,对甘肃东南部迭部—白龙江南支断裂中东段晚第四纪构造活动特征进行了研究。结果表明:迭部—白龙江南支断裂中段活动性明显强于东段;中段线性特征明显,可见清晰的断崖,不同期次的阶地之上都有断层陡坎发育,晚第四纪以来有过明显活动,最新活动的离逝时间为1 300年左右,属于全新世活动断裂;东段活动性明显减弱,没有发现断错全新世地层的证据,在地貌上多表现为线性沟谷,属于晚更新世断裂。根据对断错阶地的测量和年代测试,迭部—白龙江南支断裂中段左旋滑动速率为每年(1.3±0.1)mm,垂直滑动速率为每年(0.39±0.04)mm。

关键词:活动断裂;晚第四纪;滑动速率;阶地;全新世;迭部—白龙江断裂;甘肃

中图分类号:P546 文献标志码:A

Characteristics of Late Quaternary Tectonic Activity in the Middle-eastern

Segment of the Southern Branch of Diebu-Bailongjiang Fault, Gansu

LIU Xing-wang1,2,3,4, YUAN Dao-yang1, SHAO Yan-xiu1,2, WU Zhao1

(1. Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China;

2. Lanzhou National Observatory of Geophysics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; 3. School of

Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China;

4. Key Laboratory of Western Chinas Environmental Systems of Ministry of

Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China)

Abstract: Based on satellite image interpretation, field survey and geological mapping, the characteristics of Late Quaternary tectonic activity in the middle-eastern segment of the southern branch of Diebu-Bailongjiang fault, Gansu, were discussed. The results show that the activity of the middle segment of the southern branch of Diebu-Bailongjiang fault is stronger than that of the eastern segment; the characteristic along the middle segment is significantly linear, and the scar and fault scarp cutting through several terraces can be easily distinguished; the middle segment is active since Late Quaternary, and the elapsed time of the last event should be less than about 1 300 years; the middle segment is Holocene active fault; the activity of the eastern segment is obviously weakened, and there is no evidence of Holocene fault; the landform in the eastern segment is a linear valley, and the eastern segment is Late Pleistocene fault. According to the measurement of fault terrace and dating, the left-lateral and vertical slip rates are (1.3±0.1) mm and (0.39±0.04) mm per year in the middle segment of the southern branch of Diebu-Bailongjiang fault.

Key words: active fault; Late Quaternary; slip rate; terrace; Holocene; Diebu-Bailongjiang fault; Gansu

0 引 言

甘肃省东南部地区位于青藏活动块体东部边缘,在大地构造分区上位于SN向与EW向构造分区的交汇部位,也是中国著名的南北地震带纵穿而过的位置[1-6]。区内发育多条晚第四纪逆冲兼走滑的活动断裂带,构造形式复杂,新活动性强,历史上曾发生过多次破坏性大地震(如公元前186年武都7级地震[7]、1654年天水8级地震[8-9]、1879年武都8级地震等[10-11]),近年来也发生过多次破坏性地震(如2003年岷县5.2级地震[12]、2004年岷县—卓尼5级地震[13]、2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震[14-16]),未来存在发生大地震的构造条件,因此,本区一直是地震部门监测的重点区域。

本区夹持在两条巨大的走滑活动断裂(东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂)之间,区内一系列断裂起到了传递和平衡二者之间构造转换的作用[17-18]。……

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