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腐熟剂喷施机械机架部分轻量化设计

2015-10-28季轩黄世明施诗等

湖北农业科学 2015年19期

季轩 黄世明 施诗等

摘要:为了解决腐熟剂喷施机械质量过重以及避免机架工作时发生共振的问题,以喷施机械的机架部分作为研究对象,建立其有限元模型,并同时对拖拉机系统振动的频率进行了分析。在有限元软件中对机架系统进行了静态分析和模态分析,计算了机架系统在工作情况下的应力分布、变形以及固有频率。以有限元分析结果和应避免拖拉机系统中的振动频率为约束对机架进行轻量化设计,结合现实条件得出优化结果。结果显示,经过尺寸优化,轻量化后机架系统刚度、强度和模态均在可接受的范围内,机架系统总质量减少了65.06%,实现了轻量化目标。

关键词:腐熟剂喷施机械;机架;轻量化;有限元分析

中图分类号:S492 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)19-4829-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.19.045

Abstract: To solve the overweight problem of the decomposition agent spraying machine and avoid frame resonance occurring, finite element model (FEA) according to the rack section was established in Hypermesh and the vibration frequencies of the tractors were analyzed. Moreover static analysis and normal analysis were performed by FEA analysis software to calculate the stress distribution, deformation and natural frequency of the frame under working condition. With the vibration frequency of tractor as constraint, combining the results of finite element analysis and actual conditions, lightweight design was carried out on the frame. The results showed that through size optimization, the weight of frame decreased by 65.06%, and the stiffness, strength and modal for lightweight frame lay in the acceptable range . As a result, the objective of reducing frame mass was achieved.

Key words: decomposition spraying machine; frame; light weight structures; finite element analysis

造成中国雾霾天气的主要原因之一就是焚烧稻田秸秆,施用腐熟剂能够有效地加速秸秆在田间腐蚀速度,使秸秆中所含的有机质及磷、钾等元素成为植物生长所需的营养,实现农业的可持续发展[1-3]。腐熟剂喷施机械置于拖拉机前部,由拖拉机带动在田间作业,但在原有设计中,整体过重是使得此机械难以架构在拖拉机上的重要原因,机架的轻量化是整个机械轻量化的重点。同时此机械采用两种颗粒粉末混合喷施方式,但外部振荡容易造成分层,发生巴西果效应。为防止腐熟剂喷施机械与拖拉机工作时的振动频率相近而产生共振,实现机架部分的轻量化必须以满足模态、强度和刚度为前提。……

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