沈振华 朱明胜 张宏伟 周云峰 陈卫东

摘要

为了研究太湖竺山湖生物控藻围隔内生态系统的结构以及放养鲢鱅对富营养化水质改善的效果，于2013年6～10月对该水域进行5次采样调查，并对浮游植物进行种类鉴定与数量统计，分析了浮游植物的群落结构、优势种和多样性特征。结果表明，共鉴定浮游植物8门71种，绿藻门最多，共26种，其次是硅藻门18种，蓝藻门14种，裸藻门5种，隐藻门3种，甲藻门和金藻门均为2种，黄藻门1种。浮游植物数量为5.83×10⁶～1.57×10⁷ ind/L，平均数量为1.05×10⁷ ind/L;生物量的变化范围为0.66～2.74 mg/L，平均生物量为1.63 mg/L。多样性指数H为1.40～2.55，平均值为1.82;均匀度指数的变化范围为0.39～0.47，平均值为0.43。根据 TLI（Σ）并结合浮游植物群落结构对水质评价，太湖竺山湖生物控藻围隔内水质属于轻富营养状态。

关键词 竺山湖;生物控藻;浮游植物;群落结构;水质

中图分类号 S917.3  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2015）03-154-04

Ecoenvironmental Investigation in Biomanipulation Pen in Lake Zhushan， Lake Taihu

SHEN Zhenhua， ZHU Mingsheng， ZHANG Hongwei et al

（Taihu Lake Fisheries Management Committee of Jiangsu Province， Suzhou， Jiangsu 215004）

Abstract To explore the characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure and discuss the effects on improving eutrophic water in biomanipulation pen in Lake Zhushan， Lake Taihu， a survey was carried out every month from June to October of 2013. Based on the analysis of phytoplankton samples from nine sites in Lake Zhushan， Lake Taihu， the characteristics of community structure and abundance distribution were studied. The results showed that there were 8 classes including 71 species have been founded in Lake Zhushan，Lake Taihu， Among them， dominated Chlorophyta has 26 species， accounting for 36.62%of the total phytoplankton species， followed by Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta ， which has 18 and 14 species， respectively. Besides， Euglenophyta has 5 species， Crytophyta has 3 species， Chrysophyta and Dinophyta has 2 species each other， Xanthophyceae has only 1 species. The quantity and biomass of phytoplankton in Lake Zhushan， Lake Taihu ranged from 5.83×10⁶-1.57×10⁷ ind/L and 0.66-2.74 mg/L， respectively. The diversity indexes of ShannonWiener， Pielou and Margalef ranged 1.40-2.55， 0.39-0.47， respectively. TLI（Σ）， dominant species， ShannonWeaver diversity index and Pielou evenness index were integrated to assess the water quality. The result indicated that the water quality of Lake Zhushan， Lake Taihu was light eutrophication.

Key words  Lake Zhushan; Biomanipulation; Phytoplankton; Community structure; Water quality

近年來，随着社会经济的高速发展，太湖水体富营养化问题日趋严重，使湖体生态系统结构和功能遭到严重破坏，不仅对当地的生态环境和社会经济甚至人们的生理健康都产生了极大威胁^[1-3]。为了控制浮游植物的大量繁殖，20世纪90年代Miura提出了著名的生物操纵理论，提倡通过放养食鱼性鱼类或捕杀浮游动物食性鱼类间接地改善水体富营养化^[4]。但是，在部分富营养水体中效果不佳，甚至导致微囊藻和小型蓝藻急剧增加，造成水体浮游植物群落结构小型化^[5]。近年来，大量研究发现放养鲢、鳙能够有效改变水体营养水平和浮游生物群落结构，对水质的恢复具有积极的促进作用^[6-9]。……