李成杰

摘要 [目的]筛选控制赤松落針病的有效药剂。[方法]采用室内孢子萌发法筛选抑制赤松落针病病原菌（Lophodermium conigenium）的无公害化学药剂，在此基础上室外采用喷雾法开展林间小区防治试验。[结果]室内10种化学药剂中抑制效果达到100%的药剂有4种，分别是40%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、45%代森铵水剂和45%石硫合剂。林间防治试验效果最好的是40%多菌灵可湿性粉剂300倍稀释液和45%代森铵水剂100倍稀释液，平均防治效果均达到80%以上。[结论]试验结果为辽宁地区赤松落针病的防治提供了理论依据。

关键词 赤松;落针病;药剂筛选;防治试验

中图分类号 S791.245  文献标识码

A  文章编号 0517-6611（2015）03-102-02

Control Effects of Ten Agents on Pinus densiflora Needle Cast in Eastern Area of Liaoning Province

LI Chengjie

（Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Zhen'an District of Dandong City in Liaoning Province， Dandong， Liaoning 118001）

Abstract  [Objective] The aim was to screen out effective bactericides of controlling P. densiflora needle cast. [Method] The indoor inhibition method of spore germination was used to screen pollution free chemical for pathogen of P. densiflora needle cast， and then indoor control test was carried out for further screening out. [Result] Four kinds of bactericides had 100% of inhibition effect indoor， which were 40% Carbendazim wettable powder， 75% Chlorothalonil wettable powder， 45% Amobam water aqua and 45% lime sulphur. The 300 times liquid of 40% Carbendazim wettable powder and 100 times liquid of 45% Amobam water aqua had the best forestry control effects which reached over 80%. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for the control of P. densiflora needle cast in Liaoning area.

Key words Pinus densiflora; Needle cast; Screening of chemicals; Control efficacy

赤松（Pinus densiflora Sicb.et Zucc）是辽宁地区乡土树种，也是重要造林绿化树种。但是近些年来，辽宁省东部地区赤松普遍发生落针病害，该病害对赤松危害较大，连续多年发病后可造成赤松生长枯萎甚至植株死亡，该病害主要由针叶树散斑壳菌[Lophodermium conigenium（Brunaud）Hilitz.）]造成^[1-4]。笔者通过室内抑菌药剂筛选试验和林间小区防治试验研究了10种杀菌剂对该病菌的防治效果，旨在为该病害的有效控制提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 供试菌种。

在野外发病林地内采集赤松针叶上的针叶树散斑壳菌新鲜子实体子，选择针叶具成熟的子囊果带回试验室备用。

1.1.2 供试药剂。

供试药剂选用原则为：市场常见、高效、低毒、低残留，毒性属于低毒或中等，对人畜及各种有益生物无害，在自然环境中易分解，不造成环境污染。依此共选出10种杀菌剂（表1）。

1.2 试验地概况 林间药剂防治试验地选择在抚顺地区清原县大边沟林场的萝卜地沟，基本概况为赤松人工纯林，林地面积41 hm²，林龄为26～28年，平均发病率为80.22%，发病指数为36.72。……