许乃霞 杨益花 单建明 陈易飞

摘要  [目的]为了研究水肥一体化施肥模式对草莓产量水平的影响。[方法]对大棚草莓常规施肥和水肥一体化不同施肥模式进行了比较试验。[结果]水肥一体化施肥模式中菌肥﹢20N∶10P₂O₅∶20K₂O 10 d一次施肥，产量比常规施肥有0.01水平显著地增加;与其他水肥一体化施肥模式相比，产量也有显著增加。但是，从前后期产量的差异显著性分析来看，菌肥﹢20N∶10P₂O₅∶20K₂O 10 d一次施肥处理与常规施肥以及其他不同施肥模式处理之间前期产量差异都不显著，而后期产量存在明显差异。不同施肥方式对草莓的开花结实率的影响不大， 畸形果的发生以201020配方施肥最小，并且畸形果的发生与常规施肥存在0.01水平显著性差异。[结论]大棚草莓水肥一体化施肥方式以菌肥﹢20N∶10P₂O₅∶20K₂O 10 d一次施肥增產效果最好，而且产量增加主要是通过后期产量的提高来实现的;同时，菌肥﹢20N∶10P₂O₅∶20K₂O 10 d一次施肥可以减少畸形果率的发生。

关键词 大棚草莓;水肥一体; 产量;肥料配比

中图分类号 S668.4  文献标识码

A  文章编号 0517-6611（2015）03-062-02

Effect of Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer on Yield of Strawberry

XU Naixia， YANG Yihua， SHAN JIanming et al

（Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture， Suzhou， Jiangsu 215008）

Abstract  [Objective]The research aimed to study the effects of Integrated management of water and fertilizer on yield level of Strawberry. [Method] Comparison test had been carried out between conventional fertilization and integrated management of different fertilization mode of water and fertilizer in greenhouse strawberry. [Result] In the integrated management of water and fertilizer mode "bacteria fertilizer + '20N∶10P₂O₅∶20K₂O'" 10 d once fertilization， the yield of strawberry was significantly increased compared with that of the conventional fertilization. Compared with other integrated management of water and fertilizer model， the yield of strawberry was also increased remarkably. But significant difference analysis between the production of early stage and later stage showed that the difference of the production of early stage between different fertilization modes werent significant， but the difference of the production of later stage was significant. Different fertilization treatments had little effects on the rate of strawberry blossom and bear fruit. The occurrence of malformed fruit was minimum in 201020 of fertilization formula. And there were significant differences in the occurrence of malformed fruit between '201020' of fertilization and conventional fertilization.[Conclusion] Among integrated management of water and fertilizer on strawberry in greenhouse ，the best fertilizer mode was "bacteria fertilizer + '20N∶10P₂O₅∶20K₂O'" 10 d once fertilization， which could significantly increase the strawberry yield. But the yield increase was mainly realized by the late yield increase. At the same time， "bacteria fertilizer + '20N∶10P₂O₅∶20K₂O'" 10 d once fertilization could reduce the occurrence of the rate of malformed fruit.

Key words  Greenhouse strawberry; Integrated management of water and fertilizer; Yield; Ratio of fertilizer

基金项目 2013年度江苏省农业三新工程项目“水肥一体化克服草莓连作障碍技术集成与示范”（SXGC（2013）366）。

作者简介 许乃霞（1976- ），女，江苏泗阳人，副教授，从事生态农业方面的研究。

收稿日期 20141129

水肥一体化技术是水、肥同步控制的一项技术。作物在吸收水分的同时吸收养分，能够将作物所需的养分、水分最低浓度地供给，也可根据作物需要， 使肥、水浸润更深、更广。开展设施草莓水肥一体化栽培技术研究，引导当地农民严格控制施肥总量、合理施肥结构和施肥时期，做到水肥同步控制，对草莓的无污染和优质高效栽培具有现实指导意义。……