吞吐稠油注空气油气爆炸分析及控制
2015-10-21管九洲
管九洲



摘 要:吞吐稠油开发后期,利用廉价空气进行保压开采,已成为改善周期吞吐效果新技术。注空气对吞吐稠油具有保压增能、助排、调整吸汽剖面等良好作用。试验表明,注空气对吞吐稠油开发中后期增产潜力巨大。通过理论研究及爆炸实验,确定氧气爆炸极限。并确定了安全风险源、制定安全控制措施,为保障现场试验安全奠定了基础。
关 键 词:稠油;注空气;风险分析;安全控制
中图分类号:TE 357 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2015)06-1448-04
Analysis and Control of Oil and Gas Explosion During
Air Injection for Heavy Crude Oil Development
GUAN Jiu-zhou
(Shuguang Oil Production Plant, Liaoning Panjin 124109, China)
Abstract: In the later stage of heavy oil stimulation development, cheap air is always used to keep formation pressure, which has become a new technology of improving cycle stimulation effect. Air injection for stimulation of heavy oil has many functions, such as keeping formation pressure, cleanup, adjusting the steam absorption profile and so on. The experiment shows that air injection has huge potential to increase production of heavy oil in mid and late development. In this paper, through the theoretical research and explosion experiment, the explosion limit was determined as well as the risk sources, and control measures were put forward.
Key words: heavy oil; air injection; risk analysis; safety control
我國稠油资源丰富,目前年产量已突破1000万t[1]。主要采取注蒸汽吞吐热采方式[2]。吞吐稠油开发后期,利用廉价空气进行保压开采[3],已成为改善周期吞吐效果新技术。辽河油田曙光采油厂自2008年10月首次进行吞吐稠油注空气采油试验,至今已试验300多井次,增产原油6.8万t。该技术对开发后期吞吐稠油具有巨大增产潜力,具有广阔的推广应用前景。
几年来,不断总结现场试验经验,分析注空气、注蒸汽、焖井和开采过程风险,通过计算进行安全评价,对现场工况条件尾气进行爆炸实验,确定安全氧含量极限,形成人防、技防一整套现场安全控制体系,为吞吐稠油注空气技术的推广奠定了基础。
1 吞吐稠油注空气安全评价
气体爆炸[4]必须有三个基本条件:有合适浓度的燃料气体、有合适浓度的氧气、有足够能量的点火源。每种燃料气体在氧气或在空气中都有一个可以发生爆炸的浓度范围。超出这个范围,即使用很强的点火源也不能激发爆炸,这个浓度范围叫做爆炸极限[5]。……
