一种微乳液清蜡剂的合成及性能研究
2015-10-21张国东何大鹏高萌高金龙张国权
张国东 何大鹏 高萌 高金龙 张国权



摘 要:为了克服油基清蜡剂密度小、加注效率低和水基清蜡剂溶蜡速度慢等问题,通过对油相、表面活性剂、分散剂和加重剂的种类及添加量的分析,确定出微乳液清蜡剂最佳配方,其中主要包括混合有机溶剂%=55%、复配型表面活性%=17%,正己醇%=10%,氯化钠%=2%,甲酸盐加重剂%=3.5%,剩余为水,该微乳液清蜡剂的清蜡速率可以达到0.053 4 g/min,该配方主要采用在含有混合型有机溶剂和复配型表面活性剂的基础上,同时添加环保型的加重剂,来增加微乳清蜡剂的溶蜡速率和加入效率,进一步提高效益,降低成本。
关 键 词:清蜡剂;微乳液;溶蜡速率
中图分类号:TE 624 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2015)06-1291-03
Synthesis and Properties of a Kind of Microemulsion Paraffin Remover
ZHANG Guo-dong1, HE Da-peng1, GAO Meng1, GAO Jin-long2, ZHANG Guo-quan3
(1. Yanchang Oilfield Co.,Ltd. Exploration & Development Technology Research Center, Shaanxi Yan′an 716001, China;
2. Yanchang Oilfield Co.,Ltd. Petroleum Exploration Company, Shaanxi Yan′an 716000, China;
3. Yanchang Oilfield Co.,Ltd. Xiqu Oil Production Plant, Shaanxi Yan′an 717504, China)
Abstract: In order to overcome defects of the oil base-paraffin remover and the water-base paraffin remover, the best formula of microemulsion paraffin remover was obtained through analysis of type and amount of oil phase,surfactant,dispersant and weighting agent. The results show that: when mixed organic solvent is 55%,complex surfactant is 17%,hexanol is 10%,sodium chloride is 2%,formate salt weighting agent is 3.5%,the speed of paraffin dissolution of the microemulsion paraffin remover is 0.053 4 g/min. The microemulsion paraffin remover cam increase the speed of paraffin dissolution and the filling efficiency by adding mixed organic,complex surfactant and environmentally friendly weighting agents.
Key words: Paraffin remover;Microemulsion;Speed of paraffin dissolution
蜡在油层条件下通常以溶解态存在,然而在油田开采过程中,含蜡原油沿着油管上升,随着压力和温度的不断降低,以及原油中轻质组分的不断逸出,当原油接触到一个温度低于临界浊点的表面时,即出现蜡沉积[1,2]。目前,常用的清蜡剂分为油基和水基两类。油基清蜡剂虽然溶蜡速度快,但密度小,加注效率低,而且易挥发、闪点低、有机氯控制难度大,对含水高的油井清蜡效率低,在储运及使用过程中易燃、长期使用有害工人身体健康[3,4];水基清蜡剂虽然密度大、加注效率高,但溶蜡速度慢,冬季低温条件下易冻结[5]。然而,微乳液具有较好的稳定性,对人体无毒,受温度影响小,现有的微乳液型清蜡剂大多采用单一的有机溶剂作为油相,以及单一的表面活性剂作为乳化剂[6],同时密度小、加注效率低。……
