张文帅

摘 要：随着我国东部老油田含水率逐年自然上升，产出污水既造成了环境破坏，又导致资源的浪费，因此，使用采出污水配制聚合物溶液进行回注的技术被各大油田广泛使用。而如今普遍使用的污水曝氧技术，虽然能够减小甚至消除污水中厌氧细菌对聚合物分解所造成的溶液黏度降低，但是过度的曝氧也会引起聚合物分子链发生断裂，从而减低溶液的黏度。采用室内实验，采用曝氧污水及厌氧污水配制聚合物溶液的方法，研究氧分子对于聚合物溶液黏度以及稳定性的影响。实验结果发现，使用曝氧污水所配制聚合物溶液的黏度要高于使用厌氧污水所配制聚合物溶液的黏度，在此基础上确定污水最佳曝氧浓度约为5 mg/L。

关 键 词：曝氧量;污水;聚合物溶液

中图分类号：X 703 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1671-0460（2015）06-1235-02

Indoor Experimental Study on Effect of Oxygen Exposure to Polymer Viscosity

ZHANG Wen-shuai

（Northeast Petroleum University， Heilongjiang Daqing 163318，China）

Abstract： With natural rise of water cut of old oil fields in the eastern part of China year by year， oilfield produced water emission causes environmental pollution and waste of resources， the re-injection technology of produced water polymer solution has been widely used in major oil fields. Now sewage oxygen exposure technology can reduce or even eliminate the sewage anaerobic bacteria which can decompose the polymer to cause the solution viscosity reduce， but excessive oxygen exposure will cause fracture of polymer molecular chain， so as to reduce the viscosity of the solution. In laboratory experiments， sewage after the oxygen exposure and anaerobic wastewater were used to prepare the polymer solution， and effect of oxygen on polymer solution viscosity and stability was studied. The experimental results show that the viscosity of polymer solution prepared by using sewage after oxygen exposure is higher than that of polymer solution prepared by using anaerobic sewage， on this basis， the best oxygen exposure concentration for wastewater is about 5 mg/L.

Key words： Oxygen exposure; Wastewater; Polymer solution

近些年来，随着油田采出污水配制聚合物溶液进行回注的兴起，有关学者关于氧对于聚合物溶液的影响方面做出了大量的研究[1]，并认为厌氧菌的存在是造成聚合物溶液黏度下降的主要原因，所以油田普遍使用污水曝氧之后配制聚合物溶液的方法，來减小厌氧菌对污水配制的聚合物溶液的影响。但如果曝氧过量，氧分子又会造成污水所配制而成的聚合物溶液长期稳定性变差。在活性杂质存在的时候，甚至极其微量的氧也会导致聚合物的分子量发生断裂，造成溶液黏度的快速降低[2，3]。所以，优选出合理的曝氧量是油田采出污水配制聚合物溶液技术的关键环节[4，5]。……