四种木质栽培原料对黑木耳生长性状的影响
2015-10-21高金辉王维俭张厚良张兴亚高云红刘立波王洪刚
高金辉 王维俭 张厚良 张兴亚 高云红 刘立波 王洪刚
摘要:选择蒙古栎、白桦、落叶松和胡枝子作为黑木耳栽培原料,通过试验研究,遴选黑木耳最适原料。蒙古栎、白桦木质栽培原料栽培黑木耳菌丝生长速度、生物学效率(干)和产量性状上均表现最好;落叶松为原料培养料配方黑木耳原基整齐度最好。4个木质栽培原料作为培养料栽培黑木耳的菌丝生长速度、产量和生物学效率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。蒙古栎、白桦和胡枝子均适宜作食用菌原料林,但由于蒙古栎生长速度较慢,较难在短期内提供大量优质食用菌原料,本研究建议不采用蒙古栎作为食用菌短期原料林树种。研究成果将会解决食用菌行业发展过程中存在的原料短缺等问题,对食用菌行业的健康,持续发展有较高的实用价值,具有较好的推广前景。
关键词:木质栽培原料;黑木耳;生长性状
中图分类号:S 759.81文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-005X(2015)01-0043-03
The Effects of Four Kinds of Wooden Cultural Materials on the
Growth Characters of Auricularia auriculajudae
Gao Jinhui1,Wang Weijian2,Zhang Houliang1,Zhang Xingya2,
Gao Yunhong1,Liu Libo1,Wang Honggang1
(1.Yichun Academy of Foresty,Yichun 153000,Heilongjiang Province;
2.Yichun Science and Technology Bureau,Yichun 153000,Heilongjiang Province)
Abstract:Quecus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz,Betula platyphylla Suk.,Larix gmelini(Rupr)Rupr.,and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.were choosen as cultivation material of Auricularia auriculajudae and the optimal cultivation materials were selected after the test.The mycelial growth rate,biological efficiency(dry)and yield characters of Auricularia auriculajudae cultured by Quecus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz and Betula platyphylla Suk.were the best;the uniformity of sporophore blastema cultured by Larix gmelini(Rupr)Rupr.was the best.The difference of mycelial growth rate,yield and biological efficiency of the four wooden cultural materials were significant(P<0.05).Quecus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz,Betula platyphylla Suk.,and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.were suitable for raw materials on Auricularia auriculajudae.However,since Quecus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz grows slower,it was suggested that Quecus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz shouldnt be used as raw material forest in the short term.The results would solve raw material shortages in the process of developing edible fungus industry,which will have practical value for the healthy and sustainable development of edible fungus industry,and have good promotion prospects.
Keywords: wooden cultivation material;Auricularia auriculajudae;growth characters
收稿日期:2014-09-02
基金項目:黑龙江省财政厅项目(2008-3)
第一作者简介:高金辉,学士,高级工程师。研究方向:森林培育与经营。Email:zhl737603@163.com
引文格式:高金辉,王维俭,张厚良,等.四种木质栽培原料对黑木耳生长性状的影响[J].森林工程,2015,31(1):43-45.我国是世界食用菌生产大国,不仅拥有较多的食用菌品种,而且产量也相当高,年平均产量为2571.7万t,其中黑木耳的年产量达到346.06万t[1]。黑木耳(Auricularia auriculajudae)木耳科木耳属,因其营养价值高、产量高、对人体有保健功能,越来越得到青睐,具有较大的市场需求量和发展空间。
王玉民等利用葡萄枝做培养料栽培黑木耳[2]、马凤等用柞树萌生枝条和叶子作为培养料栽培黑木耳[3-4]、徐彦军等利用鲁山杨、黄花槐等作为培养料栽培黑木耳[5]和王宇等利用松木屑做培养料栽培黑木耳[6],未见涉及本项目所研究内容。笔者便选择白桦、落叶松、胡枝子和蒙古栎为食用菌原料林的试验树种,以期找到更多的适合食用菌生长的树种,扩大食用菌原料来源,达到解决原料短缺制约食用菌行业发展难题的目的,从根本上解决林菌之间的矛盾,具有长远和现实的意义。……
