太子参残茬化感作用的初步研究
2015-07-31任永权雷芸李秋芳周江菊
任永权++雷芸++李秋芳++周江菊
摘要:通过添加太子参(Pseudostellaria heterophylla)粉碎茎叶和块根来模拟残茬对太子参的影响,从化感作用的角度研究太子参连作障碍的成因。结果表明,粉碎茎叶能促进太子参种子苗和块根苗的生长;茎叶灭菌对太子参块根苗的各项指标均没有显著影响,但能显著提高种子苗的单根生物量;粉碎块根对太子参块根苗生长也有一定的促进作用,但各项指标与对照的差异不显著。残茬对太子参的生长发育没有直接的化感自毒作用,化感作用可能不是太子参连作障碍的成因。
关键词:太子参(Pseudostellaria heterophylla);连作障碍;化感作用;残茬
中图分类号:R282.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)11-2628-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.11.017
A Primary Study on Allelopathy of the Residues in Pseudostellaria heterophylla
REN Yong-quan, LEI Yun, LI Qiu-fang, ZHOU Jiang-ju
(Institute of Environment and Life Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, Guizhou, China)
Abstract:Crushed shoot and root were added to test the effects of simulated residues and to evaluate the cause of continuous cropping obstacle in Pseudostellariae heterophylla from the aspect of allelopathy.The results showed that stems and leaves improved the growth of both seed and root seedlings, and there were not significant effects of sterilization on parameters in root seedling,while sterilization improved the single root biomass in seed seedling in P. heterophylla.Crushed root also improved the growth of root seedling to some extend,while differences between treatment of crushed root and CK were not significant.Autotoxicity is not identified in residues,and allelopathy seems not to be a cause of continuous cropping obstacle in P. heterophylla.
Key words: Pseudostellaria heterophylla; continuous cropping obstacle; allelopathy; residue
太子参是民间公认的补益中药,其以石竹科植物异叶假繁缕(Pseudostellariae heterophylla)的干燥块根入药,具有益气健脾、生津润肺之功效[1]。目前太子参在贵州、福建、安徽、江苏、山东等省均有大面积栽培,但种植实践中连作现象非常普遍,连作障碍问题极其突出,造成产量和品质明显下降[2]。连作障碍是药用植物栽培中普遍存在的问题,大多数根类药材如人参、地黄、三七、黄连、当归等都存在不同程度的连作障碍现象[3],严重制约着中药材产业的可持续发展,成为亟待解决的关键问题。连作障碍的成因极其复杂,它涉及土壤养分和土壤理化性质[4,5]、根际微生物[5,6]和化感作用[7,8]等多个方面。
植物通过分泌、淋溶和分解等方式产生化感物质,进而影响植物自身或其他植物生长发育的化学生态学现象称为化感作用。……
