多核嵌入式实时操作系统(RTOS)综述
2015-07-18张朝
张朝
摘 要:从1981年第一个商业嵌入式实时操作系统VRTX/OS的出现,嵌入式实时操作系统已经过三十多年的发展。本文对嵌入式相关的文献进行了调研,发现随着嵌入式芯片多核技术的日趋成熟和广泛应用,嵌入式实时操作系统对多核处理器提供了一定的支持,包括对称多核(SMP)和非对称多核(AMP),但也仍然存在多核并发控制、任务调度等问题。在分析RTOS的研究现状后,得出了今后RTOS的研究热点有异构多核支持和物联网应用。
关键词: 嵌入式系统;实时操作系统;对称多核;非对称多核
中图分类号:TP316 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-3044(2015)12-0248-03
A Survey on Multi-Core Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
ZHANG Zhao
(The Institute of Computer Application,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,China)
Abstract:The RTOS has been developed over three decades till now after the first available commercial RTOS which named VTRX/OS .After the study on embedded related literatures, it shows that with the development of Multi-core technology and widely use of Multi-core chips, the RTOS is becoming to support the Multi-core features include SMP and AMP, in order to fully use the potential of hardware, but still have some problem such as concurrency control and task allocation. So the next hot research filed of RTOS is the support of Heterogeneous multiprocessor. Besides the IOT also could be an important application filed for RTOS.
Key words:EOS; RTOS; SMP; AMP
早期的嵌入式应用由于嵌入式处理器运算能力低,所以功能单一,主要使用死循环代码实现。随着大规模集成电路技术的发展和摩尔定律(Moore Law)的驱使,嵌入式处理器的性能越来越强,如今已经可匹敌桌面电脑。现在的嵌入式应用已经十分复杂,往往一个嵌入式应用需要集成数个功能,这种多任务环境的嵌入式应用已经离不开嵌入式操作系统的支持。针对特定的实时性要求严格的应用场景,比如工业控制、军事武器,更需要嵌入式实时操作系统的支持。当通提升过主频来提升处理器性能达到瓶颈时,多核技术的出现解决了单核芯片的性能瓶颈,使得处理性能的提升有了新的发展方向,尤其是异构多核技术同时保障了性能和功耗。然而多核技术却为嵌入式实时操作系统的设计者带来了不少的挑战。
1 正文
1.1 多核处理器的硬件结构……p>
