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硼锌钼肥及其配施对烤烟上部叶香气物质含量的影响

2015-06-16齐永杰等

天津农业科学 2015年6期
关键词:影响

齐永杰等

摘 要:在硼、锌、钼等微量元素严重缺乏的烟田,开展了硼、锌、钼等微肥及其配施对烤烟上部叶香气物质含量的影响研究。结果表明,增施以上3种微肥,不论基施还是喷施均能有效提高烤烟上部叶类胡萝卜素降解物、苯并氨酸类降解物、棕色化产物、茄酮、石油醚提取物等香气物质含量,但微肥施用效果以基施为优,从3种微肥提升烤烟上部叶各类香气物质效果分析,以锌肥单施处理效果较好。

关键词:硼锌钼;烤烟;香气物质;影响

中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.06.027

Abstract: Studied the effects of B, Zn and Mo fertilizers and combining application on content of aroma components of upper-leaves in flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco field, where zinc, boron, molybdenum and other trace elements were serious lack. The results showed that increasing application of B, Zn and Mo fertilizers, regardless of base fertilizer or spraying could effectively improve the content of carotenoid ,benzene and ammonia acid degradation products, browning reaction products, solanone, petroleum ether extract, and the effect of base fertilizer was excellent in the application of microelement fertilizer. According to the effect on promoting aroma components of upper leaves in flue-cured tobacco, the treatment with single zinc fertilizer was better.

Key words: boron, zinc and molybdenum; flue-cured tobacco; aroma components; effects

上部烟叶约占整株烤烟的1/3,占烤烟总产量30%~40%,而国内烤烟上部叶由于各方面的原因一直存在烟气刺激性大、香气不足等缺点,严重影响了其内在质量及工业可用性[1]。调查表明:在目前的一、二类中式卷烟配方中,国产上部烟叶的使用比重不高,更多地是依赖数量有限的中部烟叶和进口烟叶,严重制约了中高档中式卷烟的发展[2]。相关研究表明,在烤烟生长发育和品质形成过程中,对硼、锌、钼等微量元素的需求量虽然甚微,但它们对烤烟生长和产质量的形成影响较大,缺乏这些元素时,烟株将不能正常生长[3]。

郴州为我国浓香型烤烟代表产区,年烤烟种植面积约26 560 hm2,年产量约5.0×104 t,所产烤烟浓香型特色显著,工业可用性较高[4]。但郴州植烟区人多地少,烟粮争地矛盾突出,烟田连作严重,加之长期大量施用氮、磷、钾肥料,未注重微量元素肥料的补充,导致土壤中硼、锌、钼等微量元素严重缺乏,矿质营养平衡失调,烤烟各部位尤其是上部烟叶品质有逐年下降趋势。……

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