《大威德炽盛光如来吉祥陀罗尼经》文本研究
2015-05-30廖旸
廖旸



内容摘要:《大威德炽盛光如来吉祥陀罗尼经》为一种未入藏的炽盛光陀罗尼经,陆续发现于敦煌、黑水城、大理佛图塔等遗址,并有多种传世本被逐渐公布。本文汇总相关材料,尝试把握该经从中唐到明代的时代特征,冀有助于将炽盛光经法的相关探讨推向深入。
关键词:《大威德炽盛光如来吉祥陀罗尼经》;敦煌文书;黑水城文书;大理佛图塔写经;炽盛光佛。
中图分类号:G256.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2015)04-0064-09
Historical Development of the
*Mahābalag-Tejaprabha-Tathāgata-rī-Dhāraī-Sūtra
LIAO Yang
(Ethnology & Anthropology Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100081)
Abstract: The *Mahābalagu-Tejaprabha-Tathāgata-rī-Dhāraī-Sūtra, a kind of Dharani Sutra not recorded in Chinese Tripitaka,tells about Buddha kyamuni preaching mantra and its magical power to the gods of heavens, constellations, planets and stars gathering at uddhāvāsa Palace in the top heaven of the“Form Realm.”In the last century, some relevant documents or fragments have been discovered in Dunhuang, Khara-Khoto, and the Fotu Pagoda at Dali, and various surviving versions of this text have gradually been publicized. This paper collects relevant materials and attempts to discuss the temporal characteristics of this text in the period from Middle Tang to the Ming dynasty, hoping to deepen the research of the text and the cult of Buddha *Tejaprabha
Keywords: *Mahābalagua-Tejaprabha-Tathāgatarī-Dhāraī-Sūtra; Dunhuang documents; Khara-Khoto documents; Buddhist manuscripts found in the Fotu Pagoda at Dali; Buddha *Tejaprabha (jvala)
(Translated by WANG Pingxian)
汉文大藏经内有两种短篇的炽盛光陀罗尼经(《大正藏》Nos.963、964),《炽盛光大威德消灾吉祥陀罗尼经》传为唐不空(Amoghavajra.705—774)所译,《大威德金轮佛顶炽盛光如来消除一切灾难陀罗尼经》失译者名,二者系同本异译。另一种异译《〔金轮佛顶〕大威德炽盛光如来〔吉祥〕陀罗尼经》未见入藏。三者经题相近,为行文简明故,下面分别称为不空译经、失译经及藏外经。藏外经曾流行于西北,数见于甘肃敦煌莫高窟、内蒙古额济纳旗黑水城发现品,也出现在云南大理等边地,明代的多种写刻本还表明,它在中原腹地同样受到尊崇。下文枚举目前所知的遗存,对部分文本内容稍作探析,并尝试勾勒出各时代特征。
一 现存唐——明时期藏外经写刻本概览
目前来看,年代明确的藏外经最早出现在敦煌遗书之中,今藏甘肃省博物馆(甘博〇一六,原编2490)。厚白麻纸、绳装册页,页面14.8×10.3厘米,为八种经合抄,末一种即《大威德炽盛光如来吉祥陀罗尼经》[1]。另第一种《劝善经》末书“贞元拾玖年(803)廿三日下”字样[1]137,时值唐德宗治下、吐蕃占领敦煌时期。……
