内容摘要：张淮深在归义军内部并未自称过常侍，而是曾使用与常侍相搭配的宪衔之简称大夫作为自己的称号。自乾符四年至中和元年的五年间，张淮深先后获得过散骑常侍、户部尚书及兵部尚书等三次检校官的晋升，此即P.3720《张淮深造窟功德记》中所谓的“五稔三迁”。光启三年五月至九月间，张淮深开始在归义军内部使用仆射称号。张淮深卒后所获得的“司徒”赠官，当与索勋有关。虽然归义军在张承奉时期一度不再使用司徒指代张淮深，但到了曹议金统治时期，张淮深的司徒称号又得以恢复并沿用。

关键词：张淮深;称号;检校官;五稔三迁

中图分类号：G256.1  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2015）04-0043-07

Further Research of Zhang Huaishens

Titles as the Gui-yi-jun Governor

LI Jun

（School of History， Northwest University， Xian， Shaanxi 710069）

Abstract： Zhang Huishen did not address himself as“Chang-shi” in the Gui-yi-jun（Return-to-Allegiance Army） regime， but did once call himself“Dai-fu，”an abbreviated title which was usually used together with“Chang-shi.”During the five years from the fourth year of the Qianfu era to the first year of the Zhonghe era， Zhang Huishen was promoted three times and was each time respectively granted the extra official titles，“Sanqi-changshi，”“Minister of Wars，”and“Minister of Revenue.”This was recorded as“three promotions in five years”in P.3720. Between March and September in the third year of the Guangqi era， Zhang Huaishen began to address himself “Pu-yi”and was later posthumously rewarded the title of“Si-tu.”Though Zhang Huaishen was no longer addressed“Si-tu”in the Gui-yi-jun period governed by Zhang Chengfeng， his title of “Si-tu”was reinstated when Cao Yijin came to power.

Keywords： Zhang Huishen; title; extra official title; three promotions in five years

（Translated by WANG Pingxian）

大中五年（851），唐政府以张议潮所献河陇图籍为依据，设置归义军并以张议潮为首任节度使。由于此后归义军在经营河陇层面与中央存在矛盾，故张议潮被迫于咸通八年（867）归阙，其侄张淮深开始掌管归义军。大顺元年（890）二月，张淮深死于归义军内部的政治动乱。其间，张淮深实际控制归义军长达23年，是张氏归义军时期在位时间最长的统治者。更为重要的是，张淮深统治时期正是回鹘、嗢末等少数民族势力与归义军角逐于河西，从而导致河西政治形态发生急剧变化的时代。所以学术界对于张淮深的生平事迹向来比较关注①。而荣新江先生所开创的以检校官号为主要依据、并借此勾勒出包括张淮深在内的归义军节度使称号变化轨迹的研究模式，极大地深化了归义军史的研究②。……