杨洋　程星　黄婉玉

摘 要：为了解万峰湖周边土壤中汞污染现状和环境风险，对13个不同位置土壤中汞含量进行了测定分析，并用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法综合研究和评估了土壤中总汞的污染水平和生态风险。结果显示，13个采样点土壤中汞含量差异较小，土壤汞含量为0.004～0.618mg·kg-1，平均含量为0.141mg·kg-1，仅三江口和吉隆土壤汞含量超过贵州土壤汞背景值。地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法显示万峰湖周边土壤总体无汞污染，潜在生态风险很低。

关键词：汞污染；土壤；万峰湖；风险评价

中图分类号 X825 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2015）06-96-03

Status and Risk Evaluation of Mercury Pollution in Soil around the Wanfeng Lake

Yang Yang1 et al.

（1Deparment of Geographic and Environmental Science，Guizhou Normal University，Guiyang 550001，China）

Abstract：In order to realize the pollution status and environmental risk of soil mercury around the Wanfeng Lake，this thesis measures and analyzes the content of soil mercury located in 13 different positions.The geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index were used to research and evaluate comprehensively the pollution levels and ecological risk of the mercury in soil.The results showed that there were little difference among the contents of soil mercury，ranged from 0.004～0.618mg·kg-1，in the soil of 13 sampling points，and the average content was 0.141mg·kg-1.However，only the contents of soil mercury in San Jiangkou and Ji Long exceed its background value of Guizhou.Therefore，the geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method showed that there is no mercury pollution in soil around the WanFeng Lake，and its potential risk is much lower.

Key words：Mercury pollution；Soil；The Wanfeng lake；Risk assessment

土壤是重金属的重要汇集源[1]，重金属进入土壤环境后难以被降解，通过食物链等途径进入生物体内并不断富集，直接或间接地对生态系统和人类健康造成危害。湖泊周边土壤中赋存的重金属在土壤可溶性有机质的作用下，可以缓慢的发生土壤-水界面的迁移过程，从而造成水体中的重金属非点源污染。汞是唯一在常温下呈液态并易流动的重金属，具有持久性、生物富集性和剧毒性等特点，是全球性环境污染物之一[2-3]。贵州是我国汞矿的主要产地，汞矿在给当地带来经济效益的同时，也造成严重的汞污染[4]。万峰湖位于贵州省黔西南州兴义市和安龙县境内，地理位置为东经104°31′～105°01′，北纬24°37′～25°23′，是黔、滇、桂3省区交界处，是由国家重点工程天生桥一级电站大坝将南盘江拦截而形成的水库，属珠江流域上游区，担负着珠江流域沿江城市生活饮用和工农业用水的供水。……