矿业城市不同功能区表层土壤中微量元素分布特征研究
2015-04-13黎承高刘英阮景超等
黎承高 刘英 阮景超等
摘 要:以安徽省淮南市田家庵区和大通区为例,采集不同功能区城市表层土壤样品,测定其pH值、可溶性盐含量,以及Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cd等5种微量元素的含量,研究微量元素在矿业城市不同功能区表层土壤中的分布特征与污染现状。结果表明:研究区域土壤总体上呈弱酸性,并具有累积性;在5个功能区中,土壤中5种微量元素含量由高到低依次为Cr、Pb、As、Cd、Hg,其中,As、Pb、Cr3种元素含量的内梅罗指数远远大于3,均属重度污染,而Hg、Cd的内梅罗指数小于0.7,属清洁。
关键词:矿业城市;微量元素;土壤;功能区;淮南市
中图分类号 X131 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2015)06-67-04
Trace Elements Distribution in Topsoil of Different Functional Zone from Mining City
——Taking Huainan City of Anhui Province as an Example
Li Chenggao et al.
(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232000,China)
Abstract:Taking Tianjia'an and Datong district of Huainan city of Anhui province as an example,collecting the citys surface soil samples of different function areas,and determinating of pH value,salt content,as well as the content of 5 trace elements-Hg,As,Pb,Cr and Cd,studing the trace elements in the mining city of different functional areas distribution character and pollution of the present situation of layer in the soil. The results show that: the regional soil shows generally weak acidic soil,part of trace elements in has been shown to influence from mining activities,and it is cumulative;In the five functional areas,the content of five trace elements in soil from high to low are Cr,Pb,As,Cd,Hg The As,Pb and Cr contents of three elements in the Nemero index are greater than 3,belonging to heavily polluted,while the Hg and Cd of the Nemero index is less than 0.7,which belongs to the cleaning.
Key words:Mining city;Trace elements;Soil;Functional areas;Huainan City
淮南市位于中国淮河的中游,安徽省中部偏北,是我国重要的能源型城市,是全国亿吨煤炭基地之一,同时也是华东地区的火电基地,但由于长时间无节制的开采,目前淮南已转变为能源枯竭型城市。在满足了人们对能源需求的同时,采矿对环境的影响也逐渐暴露,包括水土流失、植被破坏、土壤中微量元素的改变等一系列重要的环境问题。特别是在煤炭的开采、堆放、洗涤过程中,一些重金属元素随着液体介质发生迁移和渗透进入到土壤中,进而影响土壤中微量元素的含量。因此,测定煤矿区土壤中微量元素的含量,对于研究采矿活动对土壤中微量元素含量影响,并研制解决采矿对环境的危害有重大作用。随着土壤污染越来越严重,国内外学者对土壤微量元素污染都开展了研究。例如,国外对土壤质量评价的研究是从土壤物理性质、化学性质以及生物指标3个方面进行。……
