Changjia PENG,Pan DING,Tikun BAI,Libin FENG,Huaizhong YIN,Wanqiu WANG,Zhongyu FU

1.Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Nanchong City,Nanchong 637000，China；

2.Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Gaoping District in Nanchong City,Nanchong 637100，China；

3.Soil Manure Station of Nanchong City,Nanchong 637000,China

The Effect and Benefit of Rice Chilo suppressalis Walker Chemical Control Test of Chlorantraniliprole etc.

Changjia PENG1*,Pan DING1,Tikun BAI1,Libin FENG1,Huaizhong YIN2,Wanqiu WANG3,Zhongyu FU2

1.Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Nanchong City,Nanchong 637000，China；

2.Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Gaoping District in Nanchong City,Nanchong 637100，China；

3.Soil Manure Station of Nanchong City,Nanchong 637000,China

In this paper,the first generation and second generation ofChilo suppressalisWalker were conducted as the test objects to investigate control of a new pesticide(chlorantraniliprole)with preparation of chlorantraniliprole 20%SC, abamectin 1.8%EC and chlorpyrifos 40%EC toChilo suppressalisWalker.The results showed that chlorantraniliprole 20%SC,abamectin 1.8%EC and chlorpyrifos 40%EC had effective control toChilo suppressalisWalker for its excellent control efficacy and long persistence period.Seedling protection efficacies were between 84.2%-100%,90.1%and 92.1%,and insecticidal efficacies were between 84.6%-100%, 90.7%and 93.8%36 days after application of chlorantraniliprole 20%SC in treatments with abamectin 1.8%EC and chlorpyrifos 40%EC for first generationChilo suppressalisWalker control.The dead panicles were between 0.2%-1.4%,0.8% and 0.7%,pest plant rate control in 0.4%-2.2%,1.1%and 0.9%,and the rates of damaged rice plants were between 82.4%-97.6%,90.2%-91.2%and 91.4%-92.8%, 30 days after application of chlorantraniliprole 20%SC,abamectin 1.8%EC and chlorpyrifos 40%EC for the second generationChilo suppressalisWalker control.It can effectively protect seedlings,protect spike,increase grain number and grain weight,which promoting the increase production income effect.The real estate increased by 9.7%-12.3%,10.9%and 11.2%than water treatment(CK)with a very significant level,while the incomes were higher than 1 719.19-1 998.22,1 956.52 and 2 057.83 yuan.

Chilo suppressalisWalker;Chlorantraniliprole;Avermectin;Chlorpyrifos; Control effect;Evaluation

R iceChilo suppressalisWalker, commonly known as moth borer,stalk insects,is one of the major pests of rice sheath blight, which can cause the dead sheath, white head,and other symptom,with miscellaneous food habits.In addition to pest of rice,it can also damage water bamboo,sugar cane,corn, wheat,broad bean and rape[1].Since the 1990s,rice borers in China has been particularly serious,and the Yangtze River Basin and coastal areas become the most important areas[2].Liaoet al.estimated that the damage of tryoryza incertulas Walker andChilo suppressalisWalker accounted for 40%of the total loss of plant diseases and insect pests of rice[3].Shenget al.estimated that Chinese borer year loss reached about 64.5 hundred million yuan,accounting for the total grain pest infestation the loss of 42%[2].In recent years,the development of drug resistance is the main reason for serious occurrence ofChilo suppressalis[4].

Rice is the main food crop in Nanchong City,and also the staple food crop,with perennial area of 140 000-150 000 hm2.It accounts for the city’s food crops planting surface only 20%-25%,but its output represents 35%-40%of the total output of grain.Rice yield directly affects the City of grain yield changes[5]. Since 1998,Chilo suppressalisWalker has become the frequent pest on rice in Nachong city,covering an area of 72 000-174 800 hm2,with natural loss rate of 6.9%-18.6%.Chilo suppressalisWalker,therefore,has become the main obstacle to rice fertility.It is one of areas heavily damaged in Sichuan Province.

Over the years,the main chemical controls of riceChilo suppressalisWalker in China include insecticidal nereistoxin double,monosultap,three organic phosphorus,phenyl pyrazole such as fipronil and other pesticides. But with the long-term heavy usage, the resistance problem is particularly prominent.These potions have been unable to effectively control the damage ofChilo suppressalis.Some potions also cause serious threat and destroy the ecological balance after using a large of non target organisms pose which has poor security.Three triazophos has good prevention effect onChilo suppressalisWalker,but there are two problems:The one is easily stimulating ofLaodelphax striatellus(Fallen)population reproduction.The other is with the application, the drug-resistance increases gradually with the efficacy reduced[6].On the other hand,Fipronil has excellent control effects onChilo suppressalisWalker,but to aquatic organisms(especially shrimp,craband other crustaceans)and bees,it has high toxicity,posing threats to bee and crab breeding.It has been reported that the borer is of resistance to Fipronil[7-11].Since July 1,2009,the control of rice stem borer with Fipronil is stopped nationwide.Dimehypo and monosultap to silkworm toxicity exists resistance problems in the process of preventing single Chilo suppressalis Walker, which will drift to the paddy fields around the mulberry after applied, causing harm to the sericulture.In addition,due to perennial use of Dimehypo and Monosultap in a large quantity,the problem of drug resistance of Chilo suppressalis Walker is more prominent,seriously affecting the control effect[12-14].

Chlorantraniliprole(common named as Chlorantraniliprole,the commercial as Ryaxypyr®,Kang Kuan)is an anthranilic diamede pesticides which is researched by DoBang Company.It has the function of novel mechanism,wide pesticidal spectrum, low toxicity to mammals,less impact on non target organisms(such as birds,fish,earthworms and microorganisms etc.)[15-16].It is harmful to crops,fruit trees,vegetables,other specialty crops and chewing mouthparts pests of turf.Chlorantraniliprole can provide a long-term,broad spectrum[17].Abamectin(Lan Rui)is the insecticide and acaricide which is produced by the actinomycete fermentatble metabolites macrolide.It is the biological source,pollution-free,no residue environmental pesticides. Avermectin EC’s mian active component is B1 and has a contact and stomach poison against pests and mites,and also has weak fumigation effect.Chlorpyrifos is a moderately toxic organophosphorus pesticide and one of the ideal varieties of the high toxic organic phosphorus pesticide replace.It has touch,stomach and fumigant poison,which can control various crop above ground and underground pest.So far,little has been reported at home and abroad.In order to reduce the loss caused by rice stem borer,reduce the amount of high toxic pesticide,residue and the environmental pollution,ensure that the rice and grain production,the quality of agricultural products and trade and agricultural ecological environment security[18],explore the several insecticides on Chilo suppressalis effect,the research selected high efficiency,low toxicity,low(in)reagent poison,low residue and biological pesticide safety for the application in rice production. In order to achieve national modern agriculture demonstration zones and green prevention requirements of efficiency,the research conducted and evaluated the field efficacy trials on low toxicity and residue of chlorantraniliprole 20%SC,bio-pesticides avermectin(Lan Rui)1.8%EC and medium toxicity of 40%chlorpyrifos EC on the control of rice stem borer, and achieved good results and benefits.

Materials and Methods

The tested object

Rice Chilo suppressalis Walker.

For the test rice varieties

Yi Xiang You 2115 was chosen as test materials.

The tested medicamentand sources

Chlorantraniliprole 20%SC (American DuPont Co),abamectin (Lan Rui)1.8%EC(Hebei Weiyuan biological chemical Limited by Share Ltd), chlorpyrifos 40%EC(Zhejiang weierda Chemical Co.Ltd.),monosultap 90% WP(Jiangsu Tianrong group Limited by Share Ltd)(contrast agent).

Experimental design

The test was designed per hm2with Chlorantraniliprole 20%SC 75, 150,225 ml,avermectin(Lan Rui) 1.8%EC 1 500 ml,Chlorpyrifos 40% EC 1 500 ml,monosultap 90%WP 750 g(control agent)and water(CK)7 treatment,with repeated three times and residential area of 100 m2,as per random arrangement.Furthermore, the protection line was set at 0.5 m in width.

Experimental methods

The test was carried out in the paddy fields in HeGongCheng home, Huoguang Village,Dongguan Town, Gaoping District,and the experimental field was used as winter paddy field for preceding crops,with moderate soil fertility.Medicines were sprayed on May 16,2014 which was the first generation rice stem borer hatching peak and on July 13thwhich was the second generation of Chilo suppressalis in the hatching peak respectively.In tillering stage and booting stage,all treatments were sprayed with a PB-16 manual sprayer according to uniform spray water 450 kg/hm2.

Investigation methods

On June 21thand August 9th,the harm of the treatment with water(CK) was obvious.The investigation was conducted to explore the preventions of different treatments on rice stem borer of first generation and the second generation.In each district,50 clumps of rice were sampled as per parallel jumping to measure the dead heart rate,seedling protection effect and white ear rate and mortality.

The calculation methods of pharmacodynamics

In the formula:CK for drug control area after dead heart rate(white ear), PT for processing area withered heart rate(white ear).

Statistical analysis proceeded as per Statistical Tests compiled by Ma. Investigation of the effect on rice and other species

The type and degree of medicine were observed and influence of other non-target organisms,including aquatic,beneficial insects were surveyed.

Results and Analysis

The effect on rice and other biological

Effect of several fungicides on rice was not found during the test.Chlorantraniliprole 20%SC produced no significant adverse effects on aquatic organisms and beneficial insects and other organisms.The result is consistent with the Chen’s report on chlorantraniliprole effect onChilo suppressalisWalker and paddy field effect on natural enemy and Jiang’s report on the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole suspending agentrice stem borer[19-20]. Avermectin(blue sharp)1.8%EC is toxic to fish,bees,silkworms,chlorpyrifos 40%EC is toxic for bees,and monosultap 90%WP(control agent)is toxic to silk worm.Abamectin 1.8%EC and monosultap 90%WP spraying liquid can not drift onto the leaves,so as not to hurt the silkworm.Besides, 1.8%avermectin pesticide can not be spilled on paddy fields,so as not to hurt the fish.Additionally,1.8%avermectin and 40%chlorpyrifos flowering can not be used,so as not to hurt the bees.

Control effect of several pesticides on rice Chilo suppressalis Walker Control effect of several pesticides on rice first generation of Chilo suppressalis WalkerWhen the clean water(CK)was significantly harm after spraying 36 days,the control effects of the agents and chlorantraniliprole 20%SC in three treatments on first generation of riceChilo suppressalisWalker were investigated.The result(Table 1)showed that the dead heart rates of the three treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC at 225,150,and 75 ml/hm2kept in the range of 0-0.16%,which was 38.5%-100.0%lower compared with the treatment with monosultap 90%WP (contrast agent)at 750 g and 84.2%-100.0%lower compared with the control group with clean water(CK)(similarly hereinafter).Furthermore,the protection effect of seedlings was 84.2%-100%and the insecticidal effect was 84.2%-100.0%,which advanced 10-25.8 and 10.8-26.2 percentage points compared with the treatment with control agent.On the other hand,the treatments with abamectin 1.8%EC at 1 500 ml and chlorpyrifos 40%EC at 1 500 ml reached 61.5%and 90.1%in terms of the dead heart rate,whose protection effect of seedling and insecticidal effects advanced 15.9 and 17.9,and 16.9 and 20.0 percentage points compared with the treatment with contrast agent.Statistical analysis showed the protection effect of seedlings and insecticidal effect kept insignificantly between the treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC at 225 ml and 150 ml,but significantly higher compared with the treatment with chlorpyrifos 40%EC at 1 500 ml,and extremely significantly higher compared with the treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC at 75 ml,avermectin 1.8%EC at 1 500 ml and monosultap 90%WP at 750 g.The treatment with chlorantraniliprole 20% SC at 150 ml showed little differences with the treatments with the treatments with abamectin 1.8%EC at 1 500 ml and chlorpyrifos 40%EC at 1 500 ml, but extremely significantly higher compared with the treatments with 20%Cchlorantraniliprole SC at 75 ml and monosultap 90%WP at 750 g.The treatment with avermectin 1.8%EC at 1 500 ml showed insignificant differences with the treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC at 150 ml and chlorpyrifos 40%EC at 1 500 ml,but significantly higher compared with the treatment with chlorantraniliprole 20% SC at 75 ml,and extremely significantly higher compared with the treatment with monosultap 90%WP at 750 g.Additionally,the treatment with chlorpyrifos 40%EC at 1 500 ml was extremely significantly higher compared with the treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC at 75ml and monosultap 90%WP at 750 g.These indicated that seedling protection effect and insecticidal effect of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC keep growing upon dose.

Control effects of several pesticides on Chilo suppressalis Walker(the second generation)After spraying 30 days,the control treatment with clean water(CK)was explored to investigate the prevention effects of several agents and made comparisons with the treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC onChilo suppressalisWalker(second generation). The results(Table 2)showed the rate of white ear was only in 0.2%-1.4%in the treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC per unit area(hm2),which was 33.3%-90.5%and 83.1%-97.6%lower compared with the treatment with control agent and the control group with ater(similarly hereinafter).Furthermore,the rate of plants damaged by insects kept in 0.4%-2.2%,which was 33.3%-87.9%and 82.4%-96.8% lower,with prevention effects advancing 8.8-23.2 points,and residual insect control effect increased 11.0-24.5 points.On the other hand,the rate of white ear in the treatments with abamectin 1.8%EC at 1 500 ml and chlorpyrifos 40%EC at 1 500 ml were 61.9%and 90.4%,and 66.7%and 91.6%lower,with prevention effects advancing 15.7 and 16.9 points;the rates of damaged plants were 66.7% and 91.2%,and 72.7%and 92.8%lower,with prevention effects advancing17.6 and 19.2 points;residual insect control effect increased 18.0 and 19.2 points,respectively.According to statistic work,the preventions of white ear,insect-damaged plants and residual insect control effect were applied with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC at 225 and 150 ml/hm2,1.8%abamectin EC at 1 500 ml and chlorpyrifos 40%EC 1 500 ml,respectively,showing insignificant differences,but all kept higher compared with the treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC at 75 ml and the treatment with monosultap 90%WP at 750 g;the prevention of the treatment with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC at 75 ml was extremely significantly higher compared with the treatment with monosultap 90%WP at 750 g.These indicated that the protection effects of chlorantraniliprole 20%SC maintain growing upon dose.Analysis of several insecticides onChilo suppressalisWalker effecting on yield structure factors and benefits

Table 1The control effects of pesticides and 20%chlorantraniliprole SC onChilo suppressalisWalker(the first generation)

were 1 968 000-1 992 000 ears, 137.6-138.9 grains,19.35-29.38 g and 7 895.6-8 083.2 kg,which were 1.2-3.6 and 106 500-130 500 ears, 1.4-2.7 and 3.5-4.8 grains,0.27-0.3 and 0.39-0.42 g,195.9-383.5 and 699.7-887.3 kg higher compared with the treatment with 90%monosultap at 750 g and the CK(simialry hereinafter),increasing by 2.5%-5.0%and 9.7%-12.3%in terms of yield,438.93-717.96 and 1 719.19-1 998.22 yuan in income;21 000 and 115 500 ears,2.1 and 4.2 grains,0.28 and 0.4 g and 283.8 and 787.6 kg higher compared with the treatment with avermectin1.8%EC 1 500 ml,increasing by 3.7%and 10.9%in terms of yield, 676.26 and 1 956.52 yuan in income; 24 000 and 118 500 ears,2.4 and 4.5 grains,0.29 and 0.41 g,299.1 and 802.9 kg higher compared with the treatment with chlorpyrifos 40%EC 1 500 ml,increasing by 3.9%and 11.2% in yield and 777.57 and 2 057.83 yuan in income;12 000 and 106 500 ears, 1.4 and 3.5 grains,0.27 and 0.39 g and 195.9 and 699.7 kg compared with the treatment with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC 75 ml,increasing by 2.5%and 9.7%in terms of yield,and 438.93 and 1 719.19 yuan in income. Analysis of the actual yield statistics showed that the differences between the treatments with chlorantraniliprole 20%SC and the treatments with abamectin 1.8%EC at 1 500 ml and chlorpyrifos 40%EC at 1 500 ml were not significant,but significantly higher compared with the treatment with monosultap 90%WP at 750 g(contrast agent),extremely significantly higher than that of water(CK);the treatment with monosultap 90%WP at 750 g(contrast agent)was extremely significantly higher than that of water (CK).

Table 2Prevention effects of several pesticides and 20%chlorantraniliprole SC on the second generation of Chilo suppressalis Walker

Discussion

Chlorantraniliprole SC(20%)is a new anthranilic diamide insecticide developed by DuPont company,of which active ingredient is chlorantraniliprole,belonging to fish nitin receptor activator.For the past 11 years,more than 4 000 times field trials and more than 400 management research fully confirmed the control ef-fectiveness to the variety of pest and low extremely toxicity to animals, birds,fish[18].Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC in three kinds of treatment prevents first generation ofChilo suppressalisWalker.After 36 days,the dead heart rate can be controlled below 0.16%,seedling protection effect reached 84.2%-100%,and insecticidal effect reached 84.6%-100%,suggesting it controls the first generation ofChilo suppressalisWalker harm effectively.After spraying 30 days,white ears rate was controlled in 0.2%-1.4%,insect damaged plants rate controlled in 0.4%-2.2%,and control effect was 82.4%-96.8%,indicating that it can effectively control the second generation ofChilo suppressalisWalker for a long term.Thus,it will help protect ears,increase grains and grains weight,increase production and incomes.The statistical analysis of the actual yield was extremely significantly higher than the control.The result is consistent with Zhang’s,Chen’s, Jiang’s,Shao’s researches about the chlorantraniliprole’s prevention and control ofChilo supperssalisWalker and the yield increasing effect and natural enemies[17,19-21].The result is also consistent with the thirteen kinds of chemicals reported by Liu(the test reagent)on prevention and control ofChilo suppressalis[22].Avermectin 1.8% EC 1 500 ml and chlorpyrifos 40%EC 1 500 ml prevent and control the first generation ofChilo suppressalisWalker.After 36 days spraying of the drug,dead heart rates were controlled at 0.10%and 0.08%,seedling effect reached 90.1%and 92.1%,and insecticidal effect reached 90.7%and 93.8%,which incorporated that it controls the first generation ofChilo suppressalisWalker harm.After spraying 30 days,white ear rate was controlled at 0.8%and 0.7%,insect damaged plants rate controlled at 1.1%and 0.9%,and the effective rate at 91.2% and 92.8%,suggesting it can effectively control the second generation ofChilo suppressalisWalker in a long term.Thus,it will help protect ears,increase grains and grains weight,increase production and incomes.The statistical analysis showed the actual yield was extremely significantly higher than the control,and it can be used to controlChilo suppressalisWalker.

Table 3Factors and yield increasing effect of several insecticides on Chilo suppressalis Walker yield meter

Conclusion

According to the test results,it is recommended the dosage of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC 100-150 ml/hm2, which guarantees the control effect and also reduces the cost.Abamectin 1.8%EC at 1 500 ml,chlorpyrifos 40% EC 1 500 ml,chlorantraniliprole 20% SC,Abamectin 1.8%EC and chlorpyrifos 40%EC should be sprayed during the peak ofChilo suppressalisWalker hatching.The field should be maintained in 3-5 cm of water layer about 7 days after spraying.It can effectively control the riceChilo suppressalisWalker’s harm,and chlorantranili prole is safe for environment, which is a promising new agent. Abamectin 1.8%,a biological pesticide,is an important prevention and control medicine.However,when applying the pesticide,it is notable not to prevent the liquids from drifting to the paddy fields around the mulberry,in order to avoid injury on the silkworm, hurt on fish.Besides,it should be avoided in flowering period,so as not to hurt the bee.Similar to reports available[12-14,23],monosultap 90%WP(control agent)is of toxicity to the silkworm and has the drug resistance problems. Although it was used at 750 g/hm2, with 150 g increased than that of specific instructions,the effects of controlling the first generation and the second generation ofChilo suppressalisWalkeris both kept below 75%,suggested that monosultap is not suitable to be no used.

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Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG

Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

Supported by Notice on the First Batch of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone by the Ministry of Agriculture(Agricultural Project No.[2010]22).

*Corresponding author.E-mail:ncpcj@163.com

Received:April 6,2015 Accepted:May 17,2015