日本现代文学中的“战争伤痕”研究
——以山崎丰子的社会小说为例

鲍同

(中国人民大学 外国语学院,北京 100872)

摘要：二战以后,一些日本作家开始将目光投向战争本身,通过查阅文献、实地采访等方式进行现实主义文学创作,笔触涉及战争场景、军人个体和社会动向,形成了一定意义上的“战争伤痕”文学。其中,人物的共同特征之一是具有“战争体验”。但是,一部分人物、如《不毛地带》中的一岐正等被表现得过于高大,文学虚构性掩盖了历史真实性,反映出作者对战争伤害的认知缺乏彻底性和客观性,易使读者产生误导,令其陷入民族主义的定向性思维。因此,需要通过文学批评,帮助日本民众了解战争、反思历史。

关键词:“战争伤痕”;社会小说;山崎丰子;《不毛地带》;历史反思

收稿日期：2015-02-15

基金项目：中国人民大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“山崎丰子文学研究”(14XNF052)

作者简介：鲍同,男,中国人民大学外国语学院讲师,文学博士,主要从事日本文学、翻译理论与实践研究。

中图分类号：I313文献标志码：A

“War Scar Literature” of Contemporary Japanese Literature

—A Case Study of Social Novels of Toyoko Yamasaki

BAO Tong

(SchoolofForeignLanguages,RenminUniversityofChina,Beijing100872,China)

Abstract:After the Second World War, some Japanese writers began to turn their writing focus to the War itself by referring to the literature and doing field studies. A rising number of realistic works, the so called “war scar literature” were then created focusing on war scenes, individual soldiers and social trends. One of the shared features of figures in these works was their real war experiences. Some figures, however, were presented too high profile, e.g, Tadashi Iki in Fumō Chitai. In such case, the literacy imagination tended to cover historical authenticity, which reflects a lack of complete and objective understanding of hurts brought about by the war. It may mislead the readers by forming a directed sense of nationalism. In this regard, literacy criticism is therefore necessary to help Japanese people to understand and reflect over the history.

Key words: “war scar”; social novel; Toyoko Yamasaki; Fumō Chitai; reflection over history

一、日本文学中的“战争伤痕”

二战以后,日本文学发生了较大变化。经历过“文学黑暗时代”的日本文学出现了许多新的发展趋势,其中之一便是“当代写实主义不断在文学观念上更新,重视人和文学的特殊本质,从审美的特殊要求和艺术自身发展规律,来开掘人的丰富性”[1]。这种趋势大大拓宽了日本现实主义文学的创作途径,丰富了内涵,满足了战后日本社会对日本文学多样化的需求。……