Instructions for Authors

Overview

World Journal of Emergency Medicine (WJEM), a peerreviewed quarterly journal based at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, publishes articles of interest to both clinicians and researchers involving emergency medicine around the world. It focuses on content relevant to clinical practice and research, laboratory studies, continuing education about emergency medicine.

Editorial requirements

Editors of WJEM will review manuscripts with the understanding that they are being submitted only to WJEM and have not been published, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. This does not preclude consideration of a manuscript that has been rejected by another journal or a complete report that follows publication of preliminary findings elsewhere, usually in the form of an abstract. Copies of any possibly duplicative published material should be submitted with the manuscript that is being sent for consideration. WJEM will not consider manuscripts that have appeared, in part or in total, in other publications. It is the corresponding author's responsibility to complete, sign and submit on behalf of all authors the declaration form stating that the submitted manuscript complies with the above requirements. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. This participation must include: (1) Conception, design, or analysis and interpretation of data, or both; (2) Drafting the article or revising it for critically important intellectual content; (3) Final approval of the version to be published.

声乐是一门集艺术性、知识性、技术性和实践性于一体的艺术门类，是人类用于抒发情感，交流情感的一种自然而普遍的形式。唱天唱地唱人物，唱哭唱笑唱愤怒，都是唱情。它是一门音乐与语言相结合的艺术，通过悦耳的声音和清晰的语言表达内心丰富的感受。无情不唱，不唱无情。这是我们对歌唱的真实感悟。大诗人白居易说：“感人之心，莫先于情。”演唱者唱心和观众感心的艺术加工过程。歌唱者通过歌唱及表演来将作品中的每一个音符表达出来，也是理解情感——获得情感——表达情感的过程。由此可见，情感是演唱的灵魂。

Scope and content

WJEM publishes the following categories of articles involving different areas of emergency medicine:

Editorials: The purpose of the editorials is to provide readers with a balanced over wiew of relevant and up to date topics concerning emergency medicine. The length of an editorial should be limited to 2–3 printed pages including few references, tables,figures and legends if necessary.

Review articles: Review articles including systematic reviews and meta-analysis critically describe the current state of knowledge or practice, and integrate recent advances with accepted principles and practice, or summarize and analyze consensus views of controversial issues in knowledge of research or clinical practice.

Original articles: Previously unpublished manuscripts report research or clinical investigations or clinical observations. An original article should consist of around 5–6 printed pages. But there is an exception for invited articles. The topics of this section of articles focus on advances in emergency medicine; pediatric emergency medicine; emergency medicine administration; pharmacotherapy; toxicology; emergency medicine services; community emergency medicine.

The references cited in the text should include only those that are important and have been reviewed by authors. The authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the references and for correct citation in the text. When listing references the names of journals should be abbreviated according to the style of PubMed (List all authors and/or editors up to 6; if more than 6, list thefirst 6 and et al). All references should be accompanied with PMID roots in the abstract serial number indexed by PubMed (http;// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=PubMed). The references should be marked in the text by superscript numbers in the order of their appearance. The list of references at the end of the text should be in this numerical order. If a manuscript not meeting these requirements is submitted, it will be rejected without review, with a note reiterating the need to follow the instructions for format. Once it is corrected, the manuscript will enter the normal review process.

Continuing education: continuing education about emergency medicine.

Title page

在盾构穿越350 km/h高速铁路桥梁桩基掘进施工中，应加强隧道内、地表及桥墩测量和监测工作，进行信息化动态管理，及时反馈数据，指导掘进施工。

Letters to the editor: This section is devoted to letters to the editor including short communications on significant preliminary clinical data or research development, as well as discussions of topics covered in previously published articles. Letters to the editor are particularly welcome as they provide a means of open communication among readers. Text should be limited to 500 words, 5 references and 1figure.

Humanity

News and events

从公安局被保释回家的关小美，挺着大肚子，在父母面前失声痛哭。关云飞追悔莫及，他唉声叹气地说：“女儿，都怪爸爸太专行独断，是我害了你们啊！其实，爸爸对你也是一片苦心啊，我之所以处处给郭启明设置‘障碍’，是想让他知难而退，没想到他竟然做出这种事来。其实他把32万首付房款的银行卡递到我手上时候，我已经开始从内心接纳这个小伙子了。早知如此，我还不如让你们顺顺当当结婚……”

WJEM publishes articles in English with high quality content in an easy-to-read format; therefore brevity and active voice are encouraged. Accepted articles will be edited for clarity, brevity and journal style.

Manuscript preparation

Authors should follow the general guidelines set by the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (www.ICMJE.org). Articles not prepared in accordance with these guidelines including those about style or format will be rejected. For grammar, style, and punctuation, WJEM uses Manual of Style prepared by the American Medical Association (www.amamanualofstyle.com).

Formatting

Manuscripts should be double-spaced from title page to the list of references. Authors are asked to use a consistent 12-point font of the text of manuscript, with right margins unjustified. The pages of the manuscript should be numbered consecutively, beginning with the title page, and a running title is required. The manuscript, for instance, research article must include the following parts:

Case reports: Reports of clinical cases are accepted in a limited number. They should be typed double-spaced, and should be 2–4 printed pages in length including references and no more than threefigures.

Title page should include the title of the article, authors' name(s) and the affiliations of the authors. The name, address, telephone number, fax number, and e-mail address for the corresponding author should be provided in addition to a word count. All papers must include a statement on a sheet of paperor on the title page declaring whether the authors havefinancial or other conflicts of interest related to the submitted article. If there are conflicts, they must be described clearly.

s and key words

Structured abstracts should be prepared in sections of Background, Methods, Results, Conclusions with up to 250 words for original research articles, and Background, Data resources, Results, Conclusions for systematic review articles and meta-analyses. Case reports should also include a structured abstract or an unstructured abstract of 150–200 words that summarizes the problem or objective, the main points, and the conclusions of the article. Abstracts are not required for editorials, controversies and commentaries, book reviews, news items, writings of humanity or other reporting. Below the abstract, authors should provide a list of three to six key words from the Medical Subject Headings of the Index Medicus.

Ethical considerations

Letters should be addressed to the editor,they will be considered for publication if they relate to topics of interest to emergency physicians in urban, rural, community or academic settings. Letters are generally not peer reviewed but may be edited for brevity and clarity. Letters will be limited to 400 words and 5 references. Letters responding to a previously published WJEM article should reach the WJEM editorial office within 6 weeks of the article's publication. Authors whose work is discussed will be given an opportunity to respond.

Conflicts of interest

混凝土摊铺施工作业结束后，混凝土路面需要应用排水振动器进行均匀的振动处理，接着再使用三轴式摊铺机对其进行摊铺作业。沿着模板方向，使用摊铺机对路面混凝土反复进行滚动，每当完成一遍滚动后，施工人员就需要把路面上的浮浆及时用直尺刮除，并同时把模板上散落的混凝土清除干净，以便确保摊铺机在滚动时保持平稳[3]。正常情况下，混凝土振捣的密实情况决定了三轴式摊铺机的滚动次数。一般在混凝土基本密实且不出现多余浮浆时，摊铺机就可以结束滚动作业。注意摊铺机的滚动次数应该要不少于3次。

All manuscripts must state whether any authors have proprietary interest or not. At the time of submission of a manuscript the authors should present a signed financial disclosure form, indicating anyfinancial interests or potential conflicts of interest relating to the manuscript.

式中，y、a、b和x分别代表变量的回归结果，时间趋势、截距以及年份。通常地，当a>0时，表明变量y呈增加的趋势，反之则呈减少的趋势。

WJEM uses only standard abbreviations. The full term for which an abbreviation stands for should be reported before itsfirst use in the main text. SI units should be adopted in the description of research results in all articles submitted to the journal and should also be indicated for symbols.

Tables

Each table should be typed on a separate sheet, double spaced. As a general role, tables should not unnecessarily offer duplicate information offered in the text. Don't format tables by dividing the text in columns or by using tabs. Don't submit tables as Figures. Tables should be numbered consecutively by order of citation in the main text. Each table must include a title, appropriate column headings and explanatory legends, including definitions of any abbreviation used. References used within tables should appear as footnotes in the table legend. These references should not be repeated in the reference section unless they are also cited in the main text. Identify statistical measures of variations, such as SD and SEM.

Figures

Figures must be submitted as individualfiles. They should be cited consecutively in the text and numbered in the order in which they are discussed. Iffigures are not submitted in a high enough resolution for publishing, they will be returned to the authors for technical revision. When a patient is identifiable in a photograph, the author or authors must supply the journal with evidence of the patient's permission to publish the photograph. If a figure has been published elsewhere, authors should acknowledge the original source and submit to the editor written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the material. Permission is required, regardless of authorship or publisher, except for documents in the public domain.

Legends

Legends to figures and illustrations should be typed double-spaced, starting on a separate page with Arabic numerals corresponding to the Figures. When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the figure, identify and explain each one of them clearly in the legends.

从历史来看，自明朝初年到清朝初年，我国与朝鲜一直以鸭绿江、图们江为界，但并没有勘界。长白山之所以会成为中朝两国的界山，有一段颇为复杂的历史。

Abbreviations and SI units

Short reports: This section is devoted to clinical experience in medical mythology; diagnostic challenge; methodology; tips from the trenches.

Additional instructions

Submissions such as original articles, advances in emergency medicine and continuing medical education should be limited to 2000–3000 words. Review articles including systemic review and meta-analysis should be no more than 3000–4000 words.

Editorials or commentaries

Although normally by invitation, authors may submit a focused discussion on major current problems of emergency physicians or on controversial matters with significant implications for emergency medicine. Article length should be1000–1500 words.

取消药品加成前后住院病人性别、年龄构成、医保身份构成，平均住院天数无差异。2016年 26 550人次 ，男性10 832人次，女性15 718人次；平均年龄为56.25岁；医保身份城镇职工20 433人次，城镇居民6 117人次；平均住院天数10.10天。2017年 27 304人次，男性10 796人次，女性16 508人次；平均年龄为56.45；医保身份城镇职工21 110人次，城镇居民 6 194人次；平均住院天数10.07天。

Review articles including systematic reviews and meta-analysis

WJEM publishes reviews of the recent and past scientific literature. Review articles, especially systematic reviews, aim at the topic or research question addressed. Articles or data resources should be evaluated systematically for inclusion in the review, and the process of evaluation should be described in the paper. Authors of systematic reviews incorporating meta-analysis should refer to the QUOROM statement on the improvement of the quality of reports of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (see table).

Authors of systematic reviews are required to define a clear and clinically relevant research question; retrieve and describe relevant reviews published to date; document their limitations and justify the need for a more comprehensive review; define the search strategy used to identify primary articles; describe the methods used to select primary studies; specify inclusion and exclusion criteria (criteria for selecting primary studies should be based on population studied, intervention or exposure, study outcomes, and study methodology); perform a blinded assessment of the quality of the selected articles; assess the reliability of this process by measuring the agreement of 2 evaluators; account for all studies identified by the search and justify exclusions; describe the method of combining study results; discuss variation within and between studies; state their conclusions; compare their conclusions to the literature and current standard of care; outline the limitations of the review; suggest areas for future research.

A structured abstract for a systematic review should include such headings as Background, Data resources, Results, and Conclusions.

Original articles

人类为了能在社会中安然地生存，往往会选择被社会同化，为了生活而拼命地奋斗，始终如一地进行相同的劳作。身体沦落为服务机械化生产的奴隶。人为何而生，为何而活已被置之一旁，就连自己最本真的自然面貌也不知所踪。普罗泰戈拉曾说“认识你自己”，他所说的并不是像认识陌生人那样肤浅地看待自我，而是逃脱任何目的价值去发现本性的自我。柏拉图曾说：“带着肉体去探索任何事物，灵魂显然是要上当的”[12]。精神高度宣扬的同时，人类最为自然的肉体却受到猛烈抨击，人类生存的根基为之动摇。人类富有思想但也从属肉体，是二者的合一，只有在肉体的外在需求中才能窥探精神的内在满足，并真实地认清自己。

These articles present primary data arising from original research. Randomized clinical trials should conform to the criteria specified in the CONSORT statement (see table) (www. consort-statement.org). All clinical trial reports submitted to WJEM must be registered with an internationally accepted clinical trials registry and the registration number should be included in the manuscript. Researchers initiating studies should register as soon as the approval of the ethics board has been obtained. Authors of retrospective medical record reviews should, where appropriate, incorporate the design elements. Authors reporting the performance of a diagnostic test should follow the STARD initiative (see table).

Original articles should be within the recommended word count, excluding tables, figures and references. The Introduction section should describe study background, objectives and hypotheses. The Methods section should include a description of the overall study design, the study setting, time period, patients studied (with eligibility criteria), a description of the intervention, the primary and secondary outcome measures, and the statistical analysis employed. The Results section should include primary and secondary results, with appropriate tables and figures. The Discussion section should highlight the important study findings and discuss these in the context of the published literature. In addition, this section should identify limitations of the research and future directions. Conclusions should be stated in one paragraph and should be supported by the data. A structured abstract must also be included as mentioned above.

2017年财报显示，亨斯迈在中国的收入为11.47亿美元。相信更有针对性的可持续发展解决方案的推出，会使我们的在华业务更上一个台阶。

Pharmacotherapy and toxicology-related articles

3.1.2 土地资源承载力指数（LCCI）模型 土地承载力指数用来反映实际人口与理论人口承载能力的关系，用公式表示为：

Articles are usually evidence-based reviews of current trends in pharmacology and therapeutics, and of drug therapies in emergency medicine. Reviews may focus on new pharmaceutical modalities or new indications for older medications.

Reviews should describe the background of the agent(s) under review and their objectives. This description should be followed by comparisons to other drugs within the same class. These articles should have sufficient detail to allow the readers to understand the mechanism of the new agent and to appreciate some of the pharmacokinetic principles for dosing of the agent. The body of the review should be clinically evidenced and critically evaluate the current evidence, negative and positive. Efficacy, safety and cost on the use of this agent should be emphasized in addition to the limitations and unanswered questions that arise from the current literature. Articles about toxicology should be related to the nature, effects and detection of toxins and their treatment.

Emergency medicine related to pediatrics

Articles about pediatric emergency medicine are welcome if they are related to the clinical practice or orther aspects of this specialty.

Community emergency medicine

Topics on community emergency medicine should be related to clinical practice in specific settings. Authors are encouraged to submit original research articles about clinical or other topics specific to this practice.

Continuing education

Original research articles related to continuing education in emergency medicine are welcome. Topics include didactic teaching, clinical training methods and clinical and formal evaluation techniques.

Case reports

Case reports should illustrate an important error or practice point for emergency physicians, identify previously un-describedfindings or phenomena, or describe a therapy that could lead to future research or a change in practice.

Case reports should conform to the general guidelines set by the Uniform Requirements. They should include a brief introduction (1–2 paragraphs describing why the topic is important); a case report with a succinct summary of relevant historical, physical, laboratory and imaging findings, emergency department diagnosis, management, and disposition, and relevant follow-up information; a discussion summarizing what the case illustrates and what the teaching points are; and a 1-paragraph conclusion.

Clinical imaging and techniques

Articles report interesting, high quality clinical images with accompanying text that briefly reviews the important features of the related case, which will stimulate diagnostic discussion. Diagnosis and explanation should be distinct from the case presentation. Brief reports of clinical techniques or pearls are also welcome. Article length should be 1000–1500 words.

Letters to the editor

The chief editor of the journal is responsible for establishing the highest possible standards of the journal as well as for maintaining its integrity. The final responsibility rests with the authors, not with the journal, its editors. The chief editor and the editorial board are primarily responsible for ensuring a fair review process and will give unbiased consideration to all submitted manuscripts. The statements and opinions contained in the articles published in the WJEM are solely those of the individual authors and contributors. For studies involving human subjects, the Methods section should specify the nature of the patient consent that was obtained at the time of enrollment. Authors must clarify that an appropriate ethics committee or investigational review board approved the research. In short, the studies must comply with the Declaration of Helsinki (www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm). Studies using animals must conform to the laws of the country where the research was performed.

Humanity

在文章中，我们提出了一个安全的、可扩展的电子数据存证系统，该系统采用数据与用户对应映射关系查找来确保对电子数据池的高效访问控制。我们设计了一个基于区块链的数据存证方案，允许数据用户/所有者在身份验证后，从电子存储库访问电子数据。数据存储主要进行分片冗余算法和分布式存储保证数据安全性，并且系统引入用户积分机制，保证系统负载均衡。验证和后续服务封闭在系统内部，写入区块并成为区块链的一部分。

Submissions should reflect the challenges of working in medicine. Generally they should be humorous and/or provide some human interest and add to our understanding of the physician experience. Articles should be less than 1000 words in length.

周恩来和郭沫若此时正在武汉组织纪念抗战一周年群众歌咏大会，得知桂涛声和冼星海创作了这首《在太行山上》，便前往冼星海住所先睹为快。

Manuscript submission and editing

Manuscripts can be submitted electronically atem_ nancy@zju.edu.cn. All submissions should be accompanied by a covering letter. Within the letter, authors should identify potential conflicts of interest andfinancial disclosures, specify each author's contribution to the work, and indicate that all coauthors have agreed to publish the manuscript.

Figures should be separated from the text, each printed individually on a single sheet of paper. If figures, illustrations, tables or other materials have been taken or adapted from a previous publication, the authors should obtain written permission from the publishers or original authors to reproduce these items and send the said permission to WJEM. If patients could possibly be identified by photographs or descriptions in the manuscript, authors should provide the journal written consent from the patients to publish their photographs or descriptions. Enquries about manuscript submission can be sent toem_nancy@zju.edu.cn.

Review and editorial processes

All submissions will be initially read by the editors or members of the editorial committee and peer reviewed by at least two independent reviewers. Forms and contents should be carefully checked to exclude the need for later corrections. Articles judged unsuitable for WJEM will be returned to the authors. Those meeting screening criteria will be forwarded for further peer review. Peer review comments will be forwarded to a decision editor at the editorial office, who will decide whether the article should be accepted, accepted after revision, or rejected. The decision editor will write an editor's response letter to the author. In most cases, authors can expect an editor's response within 12 weeks after submission of an original manuscript.

Revised manuscripts will be reviewed by the decision editor, who will determine whether review comments have been addressed. The decision editor, sometimes in concert with the chief editor or associate editors, will make a final decision regarding publication of the revised manuscript. Accepted articles are subjected to editing for clarity, brevity and journal style, and authors will have the opportunity to review and approve editorial revisions prior to publication. Manuscripts submitted to WJEM will be treated with respect and confidentiality.

After acceptance, copyright of the article must be transferred by writing to WJEM. Published manuscripts in WJEM are the property of the journal and may not be published elsewhere without permission.

华能罗源电厂一期机组工程厂址位于福建省罗源县碧里乡将军帽村，建设2×660MW超超临界燃煤发电机组，同步建设脱硫、脱硝装置，并预留扩建条件，采用海水直流循环供水系统，其中取水口工程由1座取水头部和8节引水沉管组成。华能罗源电厂厂坪由开山爆破形成，现场场地有限，不具备建设预制场条件，且本工程构件数量少，工期紧，如租用预制场地或另选地点新建预制场，需要花费较多的预制场建设时间和成本。从确保工期和节约施工投入成本考虑，选择将构件放在分公司厦门刘五店专业沉箱预制场预制，然后采用气囊搬运上半潜驳，经海上由拖轮拖运半潜驳至施工现场进行安装。

Additional resources

Authors are encouraged to submit articles in many areas of research. The methodological guidelines for reporting different types of studies have been summarized and validated in a number of publications. Authors should check their manuscripts with these reporting guidelines to ensure that all important information is present. The most common reporting guidelines for different published study designs are summarized in Table 1. This list is not comprehensive for all possible study designs, but does cover all major study types commonly published.

Contacting WJEM editors

Prospective authors with questions regarding a submission, or those who wish to discuss a paper in the development stage are encouraged to contact the chief editor or other editorial staff atem_nancy@zju.edu.cn.