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AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

2014-11-24赵金强张卫琴刘安定

中国现代医生 2014年32期
关键词:肝细胞癌临床意义蛋白

赵金强+张卫琴+刘安定

[摘要] 目的 探讨醛糖还原酶(AKR1B10 蛋白)在肝癌组织中的表达及临床意义。 方法 采用免疫组化技术检测89例肝细胞癌组织及26例肝良性病变组织的AKR1B10 蛋白表达,并检测89例肝癌患者的术前AFP、AFU水平,分析AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及与患者术前血清AFP、AFU水平的关系。 结果 AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中的阳性表达率显著高于肝良性病变组织中的阳性表达率(P<0.05)。在肝细胞癌组织中,AKR1B10 蛋白阳性表达率为84.3%,显著高于患者术前血清AFP的阳性率(68.5%)和血清AFU的阳性率(70.8%)。 结论 AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中的表达率显著高于肝良性病变组织,在肝细胞癌组织中的阳性率显著高于患者术前血清AFP、AFU的阳性率,为肝细胞癌的早期诊断提供了一个好的指标。

[关键词] AKR1B10 蛋白;肝细胞癌;临床意义

[中图分类号] R735.7 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)32-0049-03

Expression and its clinical significance of AKR1B10 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma

ZHAO Jinqiang1 ZHANG Weiqin2 LIU Anding3

1.Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Huzhou in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou 313000, China; 2.Department of 11 Wards, Central Hospital of Huzhou in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou 313000, China; 3.Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Universiy of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate AKR1B10 protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) liver tissues and the clinical significance. Methods Examine AKR1B10 protein by immunohistochemistry technique in 89 cases of HCC liver tissues and 26 cases of benign hepatic lesions, and the preoperative serum AFP, AFU levels of 89 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, and analyse the relationship between the expression of AKR1B10 protein in HCC liver tissues and preoperative serum AFP, AFU levels. Results The positive expression rate of AKR1B10 protein in HCC liver tissues was significantly higher than that in the liver tissues from liver benign lesions patients (P<0.05). Furthermore, in HCC patients, the positive rate of AKR1B10 protein (84.3%) was significantly higher than that of the AFP positive rate (68.5%) and the AFU positive rate (70.8%). Conclusion Expression of AKR1B10 protein in HCC liver tissues was significantly higher than that in benign liver lesions liver tissues. The positive rate of AKR1B10 in HCC liver tissues was significantly higher than that of the positive rate of AFP and AFU. Therefore, AKR1B10 may be a potential biomarker for early detection of HCC.

[Key words] AKR1B10 protein; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Clinical significance

肝细胞癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有恶性程度高、病情发展快、预后差及死亡率高的特点,早发现、早诊断、早治疗是提高肝细胞癌治疗效果的关键。目前,主要依靠血清AFP、AFU指标及影像学检查对该病诊断,但有学者指出部分肝癌患者血清AFP、AFU检测值呈阴性或低值[1],1998 年曹德良博士等在原发性肝癌组织中分离出AKR1B10蛋白[2]。Penning 和Fukumoto 等研究发现,AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌和肺癌组织中过度表达[3,4],提示该蛋白可能作为肝细胞癌诊断的又一标记物。为探讨AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌早期诊断中的意义,本文分析比较了AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌组织和肝良性病变组织中的表达,并分析其在肝细胞癌组织中的阳性表达率和患者术前血清AFP、AFU水平的关系。endprint

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2013年3月~2014年5月在我院普外科住院治疗的89例肝细胞癌患者,所有患者均经病理组织切片找到癌细胞确诊,其中男52例,女37例,年龄21~73岁。26例肝良性病变患者为同期住院治疗患者,其中肝血管瘤12例,肝脓肿7例,肝囊肿5例,肝细胞腺瘤2例,男14例,女12例,年龄19~69岁。

1.2 方法

采用免疫组化技术检测89例肝细胞癌组织及26例肝良性病变组织的AKR1B10 蛋白表达,并检测89例肝细胞癌患者的术前AFP、AFU水平。所有操作按照实验室SOP标准进行。

1.3 仪器与试剂

AFP检测仪器为美国雅培公司生产的ARCHITECT-i2000,试剂由美国Abbott Laboratories公司提供。AFU检测仪器为日本日立公司生产的HITACHI 7600-120,试剂由北京利德曼生化股份有限公司提供。采用EnVision法免疫组织化学染色法,鼠抗人AKR1B10单克隆抗体一抗购自美国Abcam公司,采用EnVision法进行AKR1B10免疫组织化学染色法。

1.4 统计学分析

数据分析使用SPSS 16.0软件包。计量资料以(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌和肝良性病变中的表达

免疫组化检查结果显示,89例肝细胞癌组织中75例AKR1B10蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为84.3%。26例肝良性病变组织中2例AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为7.7%。肝细胞癌组织AKR1B10阳性表达率显著高于肝良性病变组织(χ2=6.87,P<0.05)。

2.2 肝细胞癌患者术前血清AFP、AFU水平与肝良性病变患者血清AFP、AFU水平的比较

见表1。肝细胞癌术前组AFP水平显著高于肝良性病变组(t=43.97,P<0.05);肝细胞癌术前组AFU水平显著高于肝良性病变组(t=23.01,P<0.05)。

表1 肝细胞癌组术前血清AFP、AFU水平与肝良性病变组比较(x±s)

2.3 AFP(μg/L)与AFU(U/L)阳性标准

根据Gambarin-Gelwanen等[5]文献,本文以AFP>20 μg/L为阳性,AFU>40 U/L为阳性。肝细胞癌患者肝组织AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性率和术前血清AFP、AFU阳性率的比较,见表2、表3。89例肝细胞癌患者中有75例肝组织AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为84.3%。有61例患者术前血清AFP阳性,阳性率68.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.08,P<0.05)。89例肝细胞癌患者中有75例肝组织AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为84.3%。有63例患者术前血清AFU阳性,阳性率70.8%,χ2检验二者有显著性差异(χ2=6.27,P<0.05)。

表2 肝细胞癌患者肝组织AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性率和术前血清AFP阳性率的比较

表3 肝细胞癌患者肝组织AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性率和术前血清AFU阳性率的比较

3讨论

目前,肝细胞癌的早期临床诊断的主要血清标志物是AFP和AFU。其中AFP是目前公认早期诊断和筛选肝癌的指标,成人合成很低,原发性肝细胞癌时,其合成升高,高水平的AFP和AFP持续增高常常作为诊断肝细胞癌的有力证据之一。但是它在小肝细胞癌和低水平AFP的肝细胞癌患者血清中几乎全部是阴性。而在慢性肝炎、肝硬化、胃癌和胚胎性癌等患者血清中也非特异性地升高[6]。AFU在肝细胞癌时增高,诊断敏感性为75%,特异性为90%。对AFP阴性的肝细胞癌及小肝细胞癌,AFU的阳性率均在70%以上[7]。所以需要发现更有前途的手段包括分子生物学标记方法以助该疾病的早期诊断[8]。

AKR1B10是细胞质内的可溶性单体氧化还原酶,能催化多种外源性和内源性的醛和酮依赖NADH的还原反应,属于醛酮还原酶超家族的一员[9]。国外文献研究表明,AKR1B10蛋白主要存在于胚胎肝组织和肝细胞癌组织中,在正常成年肝脏组织中不表达[10]。近年来,又有相当多的国外文献研究显示,AKR1B10在肺癌、胰腺癌等多种癌组织中高表达[11~13]。

本文实验数据表明,89例肝细胞癌组织中有75例AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为84.3%。26例肝良性病变组织中有2例AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为7.7%。表明AKR1B10 蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中的阳性表达率显著高于肝良性病变组织。这和国内学者相关研究报道基本一致[14]。AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性可作为诊断肝细胞癌的一个有力依据。

本文以AFP>20 μg/L为阳性,AFU>40 U/L为阳性,89例肝细胞癌患者中有61例术前AFP阳性,占68.5%。与徐桂秋等[15]研究结果相近。有63例患者术前血清AFU阳性,阳性率70.8%;有75例 AKR1B10蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为84.3%,在肝细胞癌时,AKR1B10蛋白阳性率要显著高于患者术前血清AFP、AFU的阳性率。这提示AKR1B10蛋白在诊断肝细胞癌时要优于血清AFP和AFU。

依据本文的实验数据,作者认为医师可以把AKR1B10 蛋白作为诊断肝细胞癌的一个有力依据,尤其是在患者血清AFP、AFU都是阴性,而AKR1B10 蛋白表达阳性,医师应做更进一步的检查和密切关注患者的病情进展,及时确定或排除肝细胞癌的诊断,采取有效措施处理病情。

[参考文献]

[1] 张晓东,孟巧芬. 血清AFP、CA125、CA199联合检测在原发性肝癌中的诊断价值[J]. 中国医药导报,2010,7(3):87.endprint

[2] Cao D,Fan ST,Chung SS. Identification and characterization of anovel human aldose reductase-like gene[J]. J Biol Chem,1998,273(19):11429-11435.

[3] Penning TM. AKR1B10: A new diagnostic marker of non-small celllung carcinoma in smokers[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11:1687-1690.

[4] Fukumoto S,Yamauchi N,Moriguchi H,et al. Overexpression of thealdo-keto reductase family protein AKR1B10 is highly correlatedwith smokersnon-small cell lung carcinomas[J]. Clin CancerRes,2005,11(5):1776-1785.

[5] Gambarin-Gelwanen M,Wolf DC,Shap iro R,et al. Sensitivity of com-monly available screening tests in detecting hepatocellular carcinomain cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation[J]. Am J Gas-troenterol,2000,95(6):1535-1538.

[6] Bertino G,Ardiri A,Malaguarnera M,et al. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers[J]. Semin Oncol,2012,39(4):410-433.

[7] 叶任高,陆再英,刘厚珏,等. 原发性肝癌[M]. //内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000 :771-479.

[8] Maruyama H,Yoshikawa M,Yokosuka O. Current role of ultrasound for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14:1710-1719.

[9] Penning TM,Drury JE. Human aldo-keto reductases:Function,generegulation,and single nucleotide polymorphisms[J].Arch BiochemBiophys,2007,464(2):241-250.

[10] Zeindl-Eberhart E,Klugbauer S,Dimitrijevic N,et al.Proteome analysis of rat hepatomas:Carcinogen-dependent tumor-associated protein variants[J]. Electrophoresis,2001,22(14):3009-3018.

[11] Woenckhaus M,Klein-Hitpass L,Grepmeier U,et al.Smoking and cancer-related gene expression in bronchial epithelium and non-small cell lung cancers[J]. J Pathol,2006,210(2):192-204.

[12] Chung YT,Matkowskyi KA,Li H,et al. Overexpression and onco-genic function of aldo-keto reductase family 1B10(AKR1B10)inpancreatic carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol,2012,25(5):758-766.

[13] Laffin B,Petrash JM. Expression of the aldo-keto reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in human cancers[J]. Front Pharmacol,2012,3:104.

[14] 韦薇,曹骥,欧超,等. 醛糖还原酶1B10在肝癌组织中的表达与患者术前血清AFP水平的关系[J]. 中国癌症防治杂志,2013,5(2):110-113.

[15] 徐桂秋,林伟. 血清AFU、AFP、GGT联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的意义[J]. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2012,33(15):2008-2009.

(收稿日期:2014-06-20)endprint

[2] Cao D,Fan ST,Chung SS. Identification and characterization of anovel human aldose reductase-like gene[J]. J Biol Chem,1998,273(19):11429-11435.

[3] Penning TM. AKR1B10: A new diagnostic marker of non-small celllung carcinoma in smokers[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11:1687-1690.

[4] Fukumoto S,Yamauchi N,Moriguchi H,et al. Overexpression of thealdo-keto reductase family protein AKR1B10 is highly correlatedwith smokersnon-small cell lung carcinomas[J]. Clin CancerRes,2005,11(5):1776-1785.

[5] Gambarin-Gelwanen M,Wolf DC,Shap iro R,et al. Sensitivity of com-monly available screening tests in detecting hepatocellular carcinomain cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation[J]. Am J Gas-troenterol,2000,95(6):1535-1538.

[6] Bertino G,Ardiri A,Malaguarnera M,et al. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers[J]. Semin Oncol,2012,39(4):410-433.

[7] 叶任高,陆再英,刘厚珏,等. 原发性肝癌[M]. //内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000 :771-479.

[8] Maruyama H,Yoshikawa M,Yokosuka O. Current role of ultrasound for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14:1710-1719.

[9] Penning TM,Drury JE. Human aldo-keto reductases:Function,generegulation,and single nucleotide polymorphisms[J].Arch BiochemBiophys,2007,464(2):241-250.

[10] Zeindl-Eberhart E,Klugbauer S,Dimitrijevic N,et al.Proteome analysis of rat hepatomas:Carcinogen-dependent tumor-associated protein variants[J]. Electrophoresis,2001,22(14):3009-3018.

[11] Woenckhaus M,Klein-Hitpass L,Grepmeier U,et al.Smoking and cancer-related gene expression in bronchial epithelium and non-small cell lung cancers[J]. J Pathol,2006,210(2):192-204.

[12] Chung YT,Matkowskyi KA,Li H,et al. Overexpression and onco-genic function of aldo-keto reductase family 1B10(AKR1B10)inpancreatic carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol,2012,25(5):758-766.

[13] Laffin B,Petrash JM. Expression of the aldo-keto reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in human cancers[J]. Front Pharmacol,2012,3:104.

[14] 韦薇,曹骥,欧超,等. 醛糖还原酶1B10在肝癌组织中的表达与患者术前血清AFP水平的关系[J]. 中国癌症防治杂志,2013,5(2):110-113.

[15] 徐桂秋,林伟. 血清AFU、AFP、GGT联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的意义[J]. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2012,33(15):2008-2009.

(收稿日期:2014-06-20)endprint

[2] Cao D,Fan ST,Chung SS. Identification and characterization of anovel human aldose reductase-like gene[J]. J Biol Chem,1998,273(19):11429-11435.

[3] Penning TM. AKR1B10: A new diagnostic marker of non-small celllung carcinoma in smokers[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11:1687-1690.

[4] Fukumoto S,Yamauchi N,Moriguchi H,et al. Overexpression of thealdo-keto reductase family protein AKR1B10 is highly correlatedwith smokersnon-small cell lung carcinomas[J]. Clin CancerRes,2005,11(5):1776-1785.

[5] Gambarin-Gelwanen M,Wolf DC,Shap iro R,et al. Sensitivity of com-monly available screening tests in detecting hepatocellular carcinomain cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation[J]. Am J Gas-troenterol,2000,95(6):1535-1538.

[6] Bertino G,Ardiri A,Malaguarnera M,et al. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers[J]. Semin Oncol,2012,39(4):410-433.

[7] 叶任高,陆再英,刘厚珏,等. 原发性肝癌[M]. //内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000 :771-479.

[8] Maruyama H,Yoshikawa M,Yokosuka O. Current role of ultrasound for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14:1710-1719.

[9] Penning TM,Drury JE. Human aldo-keto reductases:Function,generegulation,and single nucleotide polymorphisms[J].Arch BiochemBiophys,2007,464(2):241-250.

[10] Zeindl-Eberhart E,Klugbauer S,Dimitrijevic N,et al.Proteome analysis of rat hepatomas:Carcinogen-dependent tumor-associated protein variants[J]. Electrophoresis,2001,22(14):3009-3018.

[11] Woenckhaus M,Klein-Hitpass L,Grepmeier U,et al.Smoking and cancer-related gene expression in bronchial epithelium and non-small cell lung cancers[J]. J Pathol,2006,210(2):192-204.

[12] Chung YT,Matkowskyi KA,Li H,et al. Overexpression and onco-genic function of aldo-keto reductase family 1B10(AKR1B10)inpancreatic carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol,2012,25(5):758-766.

[13] Laffin B,Petrash JM. Expression of the aldo-keto reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in human cancers[J]. Front Pharmacol,2012,3:104.

[14] 韦薇,曹骥,欧超,等. 醛糖还原酶1B10在肝癌组织中的表达与患者术前血清AFP水平的关系[J]. 中国癌症防治杂志,2013,5(2):110-113.

[15] 徐桂秋,林伟. 血清AFU、AFP、GGT联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的意义[J]. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2012,33(15):2008-2009.

(收稿日期:2014-06-20)endprint

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