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基于环境振动信号的框架结构震后损伤识别

2014-10-27陈清军周成杰杨永胜

湖南大学学报·自然科学版 2014年9期
关键词:框架结构

陈清军 周成杰 杨永胜

摘要:提出了一种新的损伤指标用于框架结构的震后损伤识别.以环境振动作为激励信号,采用小波包分解理论,利用框架结构损伤后振动信号的能量在频域内的变化,构建损伤指标DI,并给出了损伤识别流程图.在此基础上,以某钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,设定4种震后损伤工况,对框架结构进行了震后损伤识别分析,探讨了不同楼层、不同类型振动信号对损伤识别效果的影响.结果表明:本文构建的损伤指标DI可以有效识别框架结构的震后损伤,损伤指标DI与损伤程度之间有近似线性的关系;基于较高楼层振动信号的损伤指标值对结构的损伤识别效果较佳;利用速度信号可获得比加速度信号更好的识别效果.

关键词:环境振动信号;小波包分解;框架结构;震后损伤识别;识别效果对比

中图分类号:TU311.3 文献标识码:A

Abstract: To address the damage identification problem of frame structures after earthquakes, a new damage identification method based on the wavelet packet decomposition was proposed. The structural vibration signal under environmental vibrations was used to constitute damage indicator (DI) as follows: the vibration signal was decomposed into each frequency band with wavelet packet decomposition, then, a damage indicator was established on the basis of the energy ratio variation on frequency domain. On the above basis, a 3D finite element model of a frame structure was created by calculating DI using the proposed method. The influence on the damage identification of different floors and different types of excitation was discussed.The results show that the DI proposed can be used to identify damage effectively and the DI value is approximately linear to the damage degree. Damage identification based on vibration signal of higher floor is better than that of lower floor and the damage identification effect with velocity signals is better than acceleration signals.

Key words: environmental vibration record; wavelet packet decomposition; RC frame structure; damage identification; identification effect

我国是一个地震灾害频发的国家,城市中建筑结构密集.在高烈度地震发生后,能够对震后灾区的建筑结构进行快速有效的损伤诊断显得非常重要.传统的结构损伤识别方法,往往采用结构的自振频率、阻尼比、振型、质量和刚度矩阵等作为损伤指标,虽然这些损伤指标理论上可以用来识别损伤,但实际工程中由于测试误差和噪音等因素很难准确地获得这些物理参数\[1\].

近年来,随着小波包分解理论的应用,基于结构振动信号的损伤识别方法逐渐得到了重视.滕军等\[2\]对高层结构的加速度信号进行小波包分解,由频带能量变化率指标判别出结构的损伤程度.丁幼亮等\[3\]对混凝土板损伤前后的动力响应进行小波包分解,由特征频带的能量变化识别损伤.谭冬梅等\[4\]对输电塔架的结构振动信号进行小波包分解和聚类分析识别出了输电塔架的多个损伤工况.Hae等\[5\]利用小波变换分解结构振动信号,根据时域内的能量分布构建损伤指标,对4层钢框架结构进行了损伤识别分析.这些研究是通过对振动信号进行小波包分解或者小波变换得到频域或时域内能量分布,由结构损伤前后能量分布的改变情况构建损伤指标.但在实际工程应用中存在以下两个问题:第一,难以对大型结构施加动荷载;第二,难以保证结构损伤前后的激励完全一致.

众所周知,地球表面无时无刻都在作不规则的微弱振动,这种振动的产生可以认为是气象变化、潮汐、海浪等自然力和交通运输、动力机器、爆破冲击等人为振源经地层介质多重反射和透射、由四面八方传播到测试点的各种谐波集合而成,随时间作不规则的微弱振动,可理解为横波在场地表土层中的多重反射结果,具有平稳随机过程的性质\[6\].由此,本文探索以环境振动作为激励信号,采用小波包分解和概率统计相关理论,利用框架结构损伤后振动信号的能量在频域内的变化构建损伤指标DI,进行钢筋混凝土框架结构的震后损伤识别分析,以避免上述的两个缺陷.

5 结论

针对钢筋混凝土框架结构的震后损伤识别问题,本文建立了一种基于环境振动信号的小波包分解损伤识别方法,并以某钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,对框架结构进行了震后损伤识别分析,探讨了不同楼层、不同类型振动信号对损伤识别效果的影响.通过本文的算例分析,可以得到如下初步结论:

1) 利用文中构建的损伤指标DI可以有效识别框架结构的损伤,损伤指标DI与损伤程度之间有近似线性的关系.

2) 选取不同楼层的振动信号对损伤识别效果有较大影响.基于较高楼层振动信号的损伤指标值对结构的损伤识别效果较好,建议采用结构顶层的振动信号构造损伤指标.

3) 在本文算例中,速度信号比加速度信号对损伤变化更为敏感;基于速度信号的损伤指标与损伤程度的拟合结果,较基于加速度信号的拟合结果更接近线性,识别效果更好.

参考文献

[1]宗周红,任伟新,阮毅.土木工程结构损伤诊断研究进展\[J\].土木工程学报,2003,36(5):105-110.

ZONG Zhouhong, REN Weixin, RUAN Yi. Recent advances in research on damage diagnosis for civil engineering structures\[J\]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2003, 36(5):105-110.(In Chinese)

[2]滕军,何春凯.高层结构震后损伤的小波包分析模糊评价方法\[J\].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(12):469-471.

TENG Jun, HE Chunkai. Wavelet packet analysis of earthquake damage of highrise structures based on fuzzy evaluation method\[J\]. Journal of Civil Architectural & Environmental Engineering, 2010, 32(12):469-471.(In Chinese)

[3]丁幼亮,李爱群,缪长青.基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警方法研究\[J\].工程力学,2006,23(8):42-48.

DING Youliang, LI Aiqun, MIAO Changqing. Investigation on the structural damage alarming method based on wavelet packet energy spectrum\[J\]. Engineering Mechanics, 2006, 23(8): 42-48.(In Chinese)

[4]谭冬梅,瞿伟廉,秦文科.基于小波包和模糊聚类的输电塔架结构损伤诊断\[J\].天津大学学报,2011,44(8):695-700.

TAN Dongmei, QU Weilian, QIN Wenke. Damage identification of transmission tower based on wavelet packet transform and fuzzy clustering \[J\]. Journal of Tianjin University, 2011, 44(8): 695-700.(In Chinese)

[5]YONG N H,KRISHNAN N K, LIGNOS D G, et al. Use of waveletbased damagesensitive features for structural damage diagnosis using strong motion data[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2011,137(10):1215-1228.

[6]中国工程建设标准化协会建筑振动专业委员会.建筑振动工程手册\[M\].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:586-588.

Branch of architectural vibration, China association for engineering construction standardization. Building vibration engineering handbook[M]. Beijing: Chinese Building Industry Press, 2002:586-588.(In Chinese)

[7]熊立红,杜修力,陆鸣,等.5.12汶川地震中多层房屋典型震害规律研究\[J\].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(11):1166-1172.

XIONG Lihong, DU Xiuli, LU Ming, et al. Damage of multistory buildings during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake\[J\]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2008, 34(11):1166-1172.(In Chinese)

[8]齐岳,郑文忠.低周反复荷载下核心高强混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究\[J\] .湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(12):6-12.

1) 利用文中构建的损伤指标DI可以有效识别框架结构的损伤,损伤指标DI与损伤程度之间有近似线性的关系.

2) 选取不同楼层的振动信号对损伤识别效果有较大影响.基于较高楼层振动信号的损伤指标值对结构的损伤识别效果较好,建议采用结构顶层的振动信号构造损伤指标.

3) 在本文算例中,速度信号比加速度信号对损伤变化更为敏感;基于速度信号的损伤指标与损伤程度的拟合结果,较基于加速度信号的拟合结果更接近线性,识别效果更好.

参考文献

[1]宗周红,任伟新,阮毅.土木工程结构损伤诊断研究进展\[J\].土木工程学报,2003,36(5):105-110.

ZONG Zhouhong, REN Weixin, RUAN Yi. Recent advances in research on damage diagnosis for civil engineering structures\[J\]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2003, 36(5):105-110.(In Chinese)

[2]滕军,何春凯.高层结构震后损伤的小波包分析模糊评价方法\[J\].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(12):469-471.

TENG Jun, HE Chunkai. Wavelet packet analysis of earthquake damage of highrise structures based on fuzzy evaluation method\[J\]. Journal of Civil Architectural & Environmental Engineering, 2010, 32(12):469-471.(In Chinese)

[3]丁幼亮,李爱群,缪长青.基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警方法研究\[J\].工程力学,2006,23(8):42-48.

DING Youliang, LI Aiqun, MIAO Changqing. Investigation on the structural damage alarming method based on wavelet packet energy spectrum\[J\]. Engineering Mechanics, 2006, 23(8): 42-48.(In Chinese)

[4]谭冬梅,瞿伟廉,秦文科.基于小波包和模糊聚类的输电塔架结构损伤诊断\[J\].天津大学学报,2011,44(8):695-700.

TAN Dongmei, QU Weilian, QIN Wenke. Damage identification of transmission tower based on wavelet packet transform and fuzzy clustering \[J\]. Journal of Tianjin University, 2011, 44(8): 695-700.(In Chinese)

[5]YONG N H,KRISHNAN N K, LIGNOS D G, et al. Use of waveletbased damagesensitive features for structural damage diagnosis using strong motion data[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2011,137(10):1215-1228.

[6]中国工程建设标准化协会建筑振动专业委员会.建筑振动工程手册\[M\].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:586-588.

Branch of architectural vibration, China association for engineering construction standardization. Building vibration engineering handbook[M]. Beijing: Chinese Building Industry Press, 2002:586-588.(In Chinese)

[7]熊立红,杜修力,陆鸣,等.5.12汶川地震中多层房屋典型震害规律研究\[J\].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(11):1166-1172.

XIONG Lihong, DU Xiuli, LU Ming, et al. Damage of multistory buildings during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake\[J\]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2008, 34(11):1166-1172.(In Chinese)

[8]齐岳,郑文忠.低周反复荷载下核心高强混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究\[J\] .湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(12):6-12.

1) 利用文中构建的损伤指标DI可以有效识别框架结构的损伤,损伤指标DI与损伤程度之间有近似线性的关系.

2) 选取不同楼层的振动信号对损伤识别效果有较大影响.基于较高楼层振动信号的损伤指标值对结构的损伤识别效果较好,建议采用结构顶层的振动信号构造损伤指标.

3) 在本文算例中,速度信号比加速度信号对损伤变化更为敏感;基于速度信号的损伤指标与损伤程度的拟合结果,较基于加速度信号的拟合结果更接近线性,识别效果更好.

参考文献

[1]宗周红,任伟新,阮毅.土木工程结构损伤诊断研究进展\[J\].土木工程学报,2003,36(5):105-110.

ZONG Zhouhong, REN Weixin, RUAN Yi. Recent advances in research on damage diagnosis for civil engineering structures\[J\]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2003, 36(5):105-110.(In Chinese)

[2]滕军,何春凯.高层结构震后损伤的小波包分析模糊评价方法\[J\].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(12):469-471.

TENG Jun, HE Chunkai. Wavelet packet analysis of earthquake damage of highrise structures based on fuzzy evaluation method\[J\]. Journal of Civil Architectural & Environmental Engineering, 2010, 32(12):469-471.(In Chinese)

[3]丁幼亮,李爱群,缪长青.基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警方法研究\[J\].工程力学,2006,23(8):42-48.

DING Youliang, LI Aiqun, MIAO Changqing. Investigation on the structural damage alarming method based on wavelet packet energy spectrum\[J\]. Engineering Mechanics, 2006, 23(8): 42-48.(In Chinese)

[4]谭冬梅,瞿伟廉,秦文科.基于小波包和模糊聚类的输电塔架结构损伤诊断\[J\].天津大学学报,2011,44(8):695-700.

TAN Dongmei, QU Weilian, QIN Wenke. Damage identification of transmission tower based on wavelet packet transform and fuzzy clustering \[J\]. Journal of Tianjin University, 2011, 44(8): 695-700.(In Chinese)

[5]YONG N H,KRISHNAN N K, LIGNOS D G, et al. Use of waveletbased damagesensitive features for structural damage diagnosis using strong motion data[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2011,137(10):1215-1228.

[6]中国工程建设标准化协会建筑振动专业委员会.建筑振动工程手册\[M\].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:586-588.

Branch of architectural vibration, China association for engineering construction standardization. Building vibration engineering handbook[M]. Beijing: Chinese Building Industry Press, 2002:586-588.(In Chinese)

[7]熊立红,杜修力,陆鸣,等.5.12汶川地震中多层房屋典型震害规律研究\[J\].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(11):1166-1172.

XIONG Lihong, DU Xiuli, LU Ming, et al. Damage of multistory buildings during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake\[J\]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2008, 34(11):1166-1172.(In Chinese)

[8]齐岳,郑文忠.低周反复荷载下核心高强混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究\[J\] .湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(12):6-12.

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