曹晶晶 徐丽珊 沈佳鑫 俞金龙 朱璞

摘  要：为了研究不同苦瓜品种中多糖和皂苷含量的差异，以41个苦瓜品种为材料，进行了多糖和皂苷含量测定，并对结果进行了聚类分析。结果表明：多糖与皂苷的含量在不同品种间存在显著差异;41个苦瓜品种可聚为7大类群，在7大类群中，类群5（碧丽）为多糖与皂苷含量最高的优选品种，其余各类群多糖含量与皂苷含量的相关性并不显著。同时，又以如玉5号和早碧绿两个主栽品种为材料，进行了最适采摘期的研究。结果表明：多糖含量随着发育时间的延长逐渐增加;而皂苷含量随着发育时间的延长出现升降波动;从供试苦瓜的整体来看，如玉5号和早碧绿两个品种的的最佳采摘期分别在授粉后25和25～30 d。

关键词：苦瓜;品种;采摘期;多糖;皂苷;聚类分析

中图分类号：S567 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-060X（2014）02-0063-04

Differences in Contents of Polysaccharide and Saponin among Different Varieties

of Momordica charantia L. and Its Optimal Harvesting Period

CAO Jing-jing1， XU Li-shan1， SHEN Jia-xin1， YU Jin-long2， ZHU Pu2

（1. College of Chemistry and Life Science， Zhejiang Normal University， Jinhua 321004， PRC;

2. Jinhua Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinhua 321017， PRC）

Abstract： In order to study the differences in contents of polysaccharide and saponin between different varieties of Momordica charantia L.， 41 varieties of Momordica charantia L. were used as materials to be determined the contents of polysaccharide and saponin， and then a clustering analysis was conducted to the determine results. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of polysaccharide and saponin among different varieties of Momordica charantia L.; the 41 varieties of Momordica charantia L. can be clustered into seven groups， among which the group 5 （Bili） was the optimal variety with the highest contents of polysaccharide and saponin， the other groups had no significant correlations in contents of polysaccharide and saponin. Moreover， the Ruyu No.5 and the Zaobilyu， two main cultivars， were taken as materials to study the optimal harvesting period of Momordica charantia L.. The results indicated that the polysaccharide content increased gradually with growth time past by， but the saponin content showed a increase-decrease fluctuation; the optimal harvesting period of the Ruyu No.5 and the Zaobilyu was 25 d and 25～30 d after pollination， respectively.

Key words： Momordica charantia L.; varieties; harvesting period; polysaccharide; saponin; clustering analysis

苦瓜（Momordica charantia L. ）是葫蘆科苦瓜属植物，其果实中含有多糖、皂苷等多种生理活性成分[1]，具有降血糖、降血脂、降血压、抗氧化、降低胆固醇、提高免疫功能以及抗肿瘤和抗艾滋病毒等生理功能[2-8]，有极高的药用价值;同时，苦瓜中还含有丰富的维生素B1、维生素C及矿物质，长期食用，能保持精力旺盛[9-12]。由于苦瓜丰富的营养价值，一直以来深受人们的喜爱。

通常，植物的营养成分及含量会因品种而异，在不同的生长发育时期也会有一定差异。因此，研究不同苦瓜品种以及同一品种不同生长发育时期的营养成分及含量的差异对筛选具有特定功用的苦瓜品种以及确定各品种的最佳采摘期具有重要的指导意义。……