陈高航 黄学阶 陈树伟 苏仕艺 庹圣慧 许定圣 邓平壤 石萍丽

摘   要：土壤养分含量同海拔高度密切相关，为探索湖北巴东县茶店子基地单元不同海拔植烟土壤的理化性状，更好地指导巴东烟叶生产实践工作，对巴东县茶店子基地单元不同海拔植烟土壤的理化性状进行了分析。结果表明：（1）海拔800 m以下区域，植烟土壤理化性状特点是pH值、有机质、氮素、全磷含量处于适宜标准或以上，但速效磷和钾素含量较低;（2）800～1 200 m区域，土壤pH值、氮素含量较为适宜，土壤有机质含量普遍偏高，但是磷素、钾素含量较低;（3）1 200 m以上区域，除土壤pH值偏低以外，其他指标均处于优质烟叶生产范围内或高于标准。结合茶店子基地单元烟叶种植区划目标，建议在生产上采取“控氮、增磷、补钾”的施肥策略，施用充分腐熟的优质有机肥和适量土壤改良剂改良土壤，提高土壤养分利用率，进一步提高烟叶产量和质量。

关键词：巴东县;基地单元;海拔;植烟土壤;养分

中图分类号：S158.2文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2014）02-0045-04

Physiochemical Characteristics and Fertilization Suggestions of Tobacco Planting Soil at Different Altitudes in Badong County of Hubei Province

CHEN Gao-hang1， HUANG Xue-jie1， CHEN Shu-wei2， SU Shi-yi3， TUO Sheng-hui1， XU Ding-sheng1，

DENG Ping-rang1， SHI Ping-li1

（1. Enshi Branch of Hubei Provincial Tobacco Corporation， Enshi 445000， PRC; 2. China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.， Ltd.， Changsha 410014， PRC; 3. Soil and Fertilizer Station of Badong County， Badong 444300， PRC）

Abstract：  As the content of soil nutrient closely related to the altitude， thus analyzing the physiochemical characteristics of tobacco planting soil at different altitudes of Chadianzi base in Badong County， in order to better guide the practical production of tobacco leaves in Badong County. The results showed as follows： （1） The altitude of area under 800 m， the physiochemical characteristics of tobacco planting soil showed that the pH value and the contents of organic matters， nitrogen and total phosphor met the standards of appropriate level or beyond， but the contents of available phosphor and kalium were relatively low. （2） In area from 800 m to 1200 m， the pH value and the nitrogen content were suitable， but the content of organic matters was generally high， and the contents of phosphor and kalium were low. （3） In the area over 1200 m， except the pH value was relatively low， the other indexes were all in the range of quality tobacco leaves or beyond. Combined with the regionalization goal of tobacco planting in Chadianzi base unit， it suggested that adopting the fertilization strategies of “controlling N， supplying P， and increasing K”. In order to improve the utilization rate of soil nutrient and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves， it should apply the full maturity of organic fertilizers and suitable amount of soil amendment.

Key words： Badong County; base units; altitude; tobacco planting soil; nutrient

煙叶质量和风格不仅与烟草的品种和栽培技术措施有关，气候、土壤和海拔高度等生态条件更是主要影响因子[1-2]。其中，海拔高度是影响烟草布局及其生长发育的重要生态因素，土壤类型、养分有效性等指标常随海拔高度的变化而发生显著变化[3]。

湖北巴东县茶店子基地单元2013年成为国家级烟叶标准化生产基地单元，产区主要分布在茶店子、绿葱坡等乡镇，平均海拔高度在1 000 m左右，植烟……