符艳春 徐一兰 邓沄 郭伏元 熊科峰 李红 钟飞鸣 李木良

摘   要：为探明洞庭湖平原双季稻区不同种植方式对早稻生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响，以两优6号为材料，对塑料软盘育秧抛栽（简称软盘抛秧）、机械插秧和分厢直播3种种植方式进行了系統的比较研究。结果表明：分厢直播的全生育期分别比机械插秧和软盘抛秧短9 d和7 d。不同种植方式间水稻产量差异显著，软盘抛秧水稻产量最高，分厢直播水稻产量最低;软盘抛秧和机械插秧水稻产量分别比分厢直播增产6.33%和7.48%。与分厢直播相比，软盘抛秧和机械插秧有利于改善产量构成因素，增加水稻产量。3种种植方式中以机械插秧水稻的效益为最高，分别比分厢直播和软盘抛秧处理高3.18%和3.37%。机械插秧是农业发展的必然趋势，有着广阔的发展前景。

关键词：早稻;种植方式;产量;经济效益

中图分类号：S511 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-060X（2014）02-0034-04

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Growth， Yield and Economic Efficiency of Early Rice

FU Yan-chun1， XU Yi-lan2， DENG Yun1， GUO Fu-yuan1， XIONG Ke-feng3，

LI Hong1， ZHONG Fei-ming1， LI Mu-liang1

（1. Agricultural Bureau of Nanxian County， Nanxian 413200， PRC; 2. Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic， Changsha 410127， PRC; 3. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Langbahu Town， Nanxian 413222， PRC）

Abstract： To explore the effects of different cultivation methods on growth， yield and economic efficiency of early rice in the Dongting Lake plain with the double cropping rice system， the Liangyou No.6 was taken as materials to compared the effects of three cultivation methods， including seedling throwing （ST）， direct seeding （DS） and machine transplanting （MT）. The results showed that the whole growth period of DS was shortened than that of the MT and the ST by 9 d and 7 d， respectively. There were significant differences in rice yield among different cultivation methods， and the yield of early rice was the highest with ST and the lowest with DS; in comparison with the yield of early rice with DS， that with ST and MT increased by 6.33% and 7.48%， respectively. In comparison with DS， ST and MT were beneficial to improve yield components and increase rice yield. Among the three cultivation methods， MT had the highest economic efficiency， which increased by 3.18% and 3.37% than DS and ST， respectively. Therefore， the MT is a necessary developing trend for agriculture， and it has a bright prospect.

Key words： early rice; cultivation method; yield; economic efficiency

从20世纪80年代中期开始，洞庭湖平原区早稻就开始少耕分厢直播，继而发展到一季稻和晚稻，在水稻直播的发展过程中，早、晚稻直播陆续出现了不同程度的问题：一是早稻直播烂秧严重，基本苗不足，减产严重，晚稻直播生育期短，不能保证安全齐穗，有的年份减产严重，甚至失收;二是稻田长期使用除草剂，土壤结构严重破坏;三是长期采用水稻直播，肥料流失严重，水质富营养化，造成环境污染严重[1-3]。近年来，各级政府和农业部门作了大量的工作，杜绝水稻直播[4]。现在晚稻直播已基本杜绝，但早稻直播依然存在。……