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维持性血液透析患者低血压原因及处理对策探讨

2014-10-21葛广礼

延边医学 2014年33期

葛广礼

摘要:目的:探讨维持性血液透析患者低血压原因及处理对策。方法:将我院收治的160例维持性血液透析患者随机分为两组,每组80例,其中观察组给予低血压预防性护理,对照组给予常规护理,比较两组患者护理后低血压的发生率,同时对出现的低血压原因进行分析,并给予对症处理。结果:经预防性护理后,观察组低血压发生率为5.00%,对照组为20.00%,观察组明显低于对照组,两组比较差异显著(P<0.01);20例低血压的形成原因主要包括,有效血容量降低、心功能减退、植物神经紊乱、透析液温度过高、营养不良、透析日服用降压药,透析时进食过饱。结论:血液透析引起低血压的原因是多方面的,会影响患者预后,故应对常见的病因进行预防性护理干预,尽量较少低血压的发生。

关键词:低血压 原因 对症处理

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the maintenance hemodialysis hypotension in hemodialysis patients causes and countermeasures. Methods: 160 cases of dimensional I hospital to hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into two groups, 80 cases in each group, the observation group given hypotension preventive care, the control group was given conventional nursing, compared the incidence of two groups of patients after nursing hypotension, and the emergence of hypotension, the reason is analyzed, and give symptomatic treatment. Results: the preventive nursing, the observation group the incidence of hypotension was 5%, 20% in the control group, the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.01); the formation causes of 20 cases of hypotension include, effective blood volume decreased, heart function deterioration, plant nerve disorder, dialysate temperature too high dialysis, malnutrition, daily use of antihypertensive drugs, dialysis overeating. Conclusion: hemodialysis induced hypotension for many reasons, will affect the prognosis of patients, preventive nursing intervention of the common cause, the less hypotension.

Keyword: hypotension; cause; treatment

维持性血液透析患者中有20%~30%会伴发低血压,是持续性血液透析患者死亡的独立危险因素。低血压初期患者会感到心慌、面色发白、出汗、血压骤降,若不及时对症处理,会导致心跳骤停,甚至死亡[1]。本研究通过对比手法发现预防性护理干预可减少维持性血液透析患者低血压的发生,同时对发生低血压的原因进行探討,并及时采取对症处理,现分析报告如下。

1. 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取我院自2009年1月~2014年5月收治的160例维持性血液透析患者,并将其随机分为两组,每组80例。所有患者均进行维持性血液透析治疗。其中慢性肾炎27例,梗阻性肾病17例,糖尿病肾病14例,高血压肾病13例,多囊肾4例,其他原因致慢性肾功能衰竭5例。观察组男51例,女29例,年龄27~79岁,平均(54.3±6.2)岁,透析时间0.1~18.5年,平均(3.54±0.46)年;对照组男48例,女32例,年龄28~78岁,平均(53.8±7.0)岁,病程0.1~18年,平均(3.51±0.29)年。排除严重心功能不全、心肌病变及心律失常无法耐受体外循环者,同时排除近期有活动性颅内出血、精神异常以及恶液质无法耐受体外循环者。……

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