北斗并行频率捕获算法研究与分析
2014-10-17陈伟强苏凯雄
陈伟强++苏凯雄
摘 要: 采用FFT并行频率搜索的北斗二代卫星信号捕获算法,分析了并行频率捕获原理,利用Matlab对设计的捕获模型进行仿真,通过对比分析得到不同的FFT点数、子相关器个数及抽头设置等参数设置对捕获速度、频率搜索范围及灵敏度等性能的影响。在实际设计中考虑到资源消耗和性能的平衡,给出改进后的捕获系统的FPGA实现方案。改进传统的相关器结构,采用同一相关器分段积分方式模拟多个子相关器,减少硬件资源开销,提高了相关器使用效率。
关键词: 北斗; 捕获系统; FFT; 并行频率搜索
中图分类号: TN967?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2014)19?0075?04
Study and analysis on parallel frequency acquisition algorithm of Compass
CHEN Wei?qiang, SU Kai?xiong
(Institute of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China)
Abstract: The principle of parallel frequency acquisition is analyzed with Compass?2 satellite signal acquisition algorithm of FFT parallel frequency search. The designed acquisition model was simulated with Matlab. The influence of the different parameter settings of FFT spot number, sub?correlator number and tapping winning on acquisition speed, frequency search range and sensitivity performance were obtained by comparison and analysis. The balance of resource consumption and performance were considered in the actual design. The FPGA implementation scheme of the improved acquire system is given in this paper. Structure of the traditional correlator was improved, in which the multiple sub?correlators are simulated with the subsection integral mode of a same correlator to reduce the spending of hardware resource and improve the efficiency of the correlator.
Keywords: Compass; acquisition system; FFT; parallel frequency searching
0 引 言
由于卫星和接收机存在相对运动,接收机收到的卫星信号中会有一个多普勒频率偏移量。对于传统的顺序搜索的捕获方法而言,由于多普勒频偏是未知的,需要对每一个多普勒频移步进进行码相位搜索,这就是所谓的二维搜索。假设多普勒频率搜索范围为±10 kHz,搜索步进为500 Hz,这就意味着对一颗卫星的信号完成一次完整的搜索需要41次的频率搜索[1],对于北斗二代B1频点I支路信号而言,测距码长为2 046,设步进[12]码片,在每次频率搜索中又需要进行4 092次的测距码相位搜索。由此可见,如果要确认一颗卫星的信号不存在,需要花费41×4 092个单位时间,考虑到存在虚警概率,一次完整的搜索往往花费3~4 min。而采用FFT并行频率搜索,只需要对每个码相位进行一次频率搜索就可以确定多普勒频率偏移量[2],此外,采用子相关器分段积分形式可减少FFT模块收集数据的时间开销,大大缩短信号捕获所花费的时间。……
