姚磊

摘 要 目的：探讨PBL教学法对《正常人体学》关节学教学的应用效果。方法：将我院2013级校医专业G131404班29名学生为对照组；口腔技术专业G130401班35名学生为实验组，分别采用传统教学方式和PBL教学法，结束后随即单元测试和问卷调查。结果：目标单元测试的实验组理论及实验操作考核成绩明显优于对照组（P<0.01）；通过问卷调查得知，实验组学生的学习兴趣、目标、主动性、求知欲、团队协作、知识检索、整理、分析等学习综合能力均明显高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论：在高职《正常人体学》关节学教学中，应用PBL教学法能显著提高学生的学习效能和综合能力，该方法有利于大学生自主学习技能的培养和锻炼，可在《正常人体学》等基础学科中推广使用。

关键词 PBL 正常人体学 教学 高职

中图分类号：G424.1 文献标识码：C 文章编号：1006-1533（2014）15-0073-03

Application of problem-based learning

in the teaching of arthrology of normal human anatomy*

YAO Lei**

（Department of Anatomy and Physiology， Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences， Shanghai 201318， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To explore the application effect of the problem based learning （PBL） method on the teaching of arthrology of normal human anatomy. Methods： Twenty-nine students in the G131404 class of health major in 2013 were recruited as a control group， who received a traditional teaching and 35 students in the G130401 class of dental technology major as the experimental group， who received the PBL.The unit tests and a questionnaire survey were conducted at the end of teaching. Results： The theory and experimental skills assessments results in the experimental group were superior to those in the control group （P<0.01） in the unit tests. The learning efficiency and comprehensive ability including learning interest， target， initiative， curiosity， teamwork and the ability of knowledge retrieval， sorting and analysis in the experimental group were also superior to those in the control group （P<0.01） according to the questionnaire survey. Conclusion： As compared with the traditional teaching methods， application of the PBL method in the teaching of arthrology of normal human anatomy can significantly improve the learning efficiency and comprehensive ability of the students. This method is of benefit to the training and exercise of autonomous learning ability of college students and can be promoted in the teaching of normal human anatomy and other basic subjects.

KEY WORDS problem based learning； normal human anatomy； arthrology； vocational school

目前，基于问题的学习（problem based learning，PBL）教学法已经成为国际上较为流行的一种教学模式，得到了世界医学教育领域工作者的普遍认同和高度评价，也逐渐成为我国医学教育改革的一种趋势。本研究选择《正常人体学》关节章节为例，引入PBL教学法[1-4]与传统教学法同时进行比较，取得了一定的教学效果，现总结如下。

资料

研究对象

随机选取我院2013级校医专业G131404班学生（共29人）为传统教学对象（对照组），以2013级口腔技术专业G130401班学生（共35人）为PBL教学对象（实验组）。两组学生在性别、年龄和入学成绩等方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

教材

选用《正常人体学》，由上海科技出版社出版，两组为同一教师（笔者）任教，教学计划相同，并不告知学生在进行试验，不给学生暗示。

方法

对照组学生通过多媒体讲授法进行理论教学后安排实验课，进入实验室进行“实验理论讲授，教师演示-学生模仿练习-教师再指导”的三段式实验教学的传统教法；实验组学生理论、实验内容采用PBL教学法同时进行，课前老师先讲授核心知识，如基本概念，再引出案例；……