杨景泓

【摘要】 目的：对比分析放射影像技术中普通X线检查和螺旋CT扫描在诊断小儿气管、支气管异物中的临床应用效果。方法：选取2012年1月-2013年12月在本院进行治疗的小儿气管、支气管异物患者80例，按检查方法将其分为实验组和对照组，每组40例患者，实验组应用螺旋CT扫描进行疾病诊断，对照组应用普通X线检查，对比两组患者异物检出率，在异物征象观察中，将全部患儿分别进行螺旋CT和X线检查，并根据检查方式将其分为螺旋CT组和X线组，对比两组异物征象检查结果。结果：实验组患者检出率为100%，明显高于对照组的82.50%，在异物征象观察中，螺旋CT组异物征象（纵隔位置改变、支气管阻塞、肺气肿、肺炎）检出率明显高于X线组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：相对于普通X线而言，螺旋CT对小儿气管、支气管异物检查准确率高，并能准确判断出异物大小、形态、位置以及伴随病变，建议在临床上推广应用。

【关键词】 放射影像技术； 螺旋CT扫描； X线检查； 检出率

【Abstract】 Objective： To investigate the effect of the ordinary X-rays exam and spiral CT scan in the diagnosis of pediatric tracheal and bronchial foreign body. Method： 80 cases confirmed with pediatric tracheal and bronchial foreign body in our hospital were selected from January 2012 to December 2013. These cases were divided into experimental group and control group according to the diagnostic methods， each of 40 cases， the experimental group were undergone the spiral CT scan while the control group were undergone the ordinary X-rays exam， and then the foreign body detection rate between the two groups were compared. As far as the observation of the foreign body signs， all children were undergone both spiral CT scan and X-ray exam， and the foreign body signs between spiral CT scan and X-rays exam were compared. Result： The detection rate of the foreign body in the experimental group （100%） was significantly higher than that in the control group（82.50%）， the foreign body signs in spiral CT scan group（meditational position change， pneumonia， bronchial obstruction， emphysema） was much higher than those in X-rays group，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion： Compared with ordinary X-rays， spiral CT scan in diagnosis of pediatric tracheal and bronchial foreign body has more accuracy in detection of the foreign body size， shape， location， and associated lesions， should be widely used in clinical diagnosis.

【Key words】 Radiological imaging techniques； Spiral CT scan； X-rays exam； Detection rate

小儿气管、支气管异物是耳鼻喉科较为常见的疾病之一，在5岁以下儿童较为多见，可达全部气管异物患者的70%[1]。幼儿器官尚未发育完全，吞咽功能欠缺，进食后食物不能顺利进入食道，误入气管，堵塞气道，影响呼吸，如果异物较大，患者可在短时间内发生窒息，如不进行及时诊治，严重者可引发死亡[2]。因此，给予该类患者及时诊断和救治是挽救降低不良事件发生的关键所在[3]。本研究就诊断方法出发，通过对比临床上常用的两种放射影像技术，为临床疾病诊断和治疗提供理论依据。现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取2012年1月-2013年12月在本院进行治疗的小儿气管、支气管异物患者80例为研究对象，男47例，女33例，年龄10个月～10岁，平均（4.83±1.26）岁，发病距就诊时间1.6 h～11 d，平均（1.48±0.94）d；……