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农村人力资本流失的区域农业增长效应研究

2014-07-22刘宁

人口与经济 2014年4期

刘宁

摘要:基于国家统计局农调队“中国农村劳动力的就业和流动就业状况的专项调查”数据,对全国13个粮食主产区省份农村人力资本、农村人力资本流失及农业人力资本状况进行了测算,并采用面板数据模型,分析了农村人力资本流失对区域农业增长的影响。研究结果表明,农村劳动力向非农产业转移使各地区农村人力资本出现不同程度的流失,也降低了农业人力资本存量,降低了人力资本对区域农业增长的产出弹性,影响了财政支农效果。政府应该完善农业经济政策,提高农业经营效益,提高人力资本投入农业生产的激励;完善农村人力资本政策,使农村人力资本结构与农业生产相适应,提高农业人力资本投资效率,使农村人力资本与农业增长形成良性互动。

关键词:农村人力资本流失;农业人力资本;区域农业增长

中图分类号:F304.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4149(2014)04-0023-10

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2014.04.003

A Research on the Effect of Rural Human Capital Drain on Regional Agriculture Growth:

Based on the Panel Data of 13 Major Grain Production Provinces

LIU Ning

(Philosophy and Public Management School, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036,China)

Abstract:Based on the special investigation data offered by the rural survey team of National Bureau of Statistics, this paper calculated the rural human capital, rural human capital drain and agriculture human capital of 13 major grain production provinces. Furthermore, an evaluation is made on the effect of human capital drain on regional agriculture growth using a panel data model. The result suggests that a different degree rural human capital drain caused by rural labor transfer has reduced the agriculture human capital, lowering the output elasticity of human capital on agriculture growth and the effect of public finance supply on agriculture. The government should improve its agriculture policy to raise agriculture efficiency so that human capital can be inputted into agriculture. The rural human capital policy should be improved to get coordination of rural human capital and agriculture development, raise agriculture human capital investment efficiency and realize a positive interaction between rural human capital and agriculture increase.

Keywords:rural human capital drain; agriculture human capital; regional agriculture growth

近年来中央已经连续出台了11个关于三农问题的一号文件,早在2005年,中央一号文件就提出要提高农村劳动者的素质,促进农民和农村社会的全面发展,结合农业结构调整、发展特色农业和生产实际的需要全面开展职业技能培训工作。其后各年份的一号文件又对发展农业教育、加快培养农业科技人才、大力培训农村实用人才等工作进行了更为具体的部署。2014年中央一号文件则进一步将改善农村义务教育、大力支持发展农村学前教育、落实中等职业教育国家助学政策、加强农村职业教育和技能培训、提高重点高校招收农村学生比例等多层次的涉农教育政策,作为全面深化农村改革的关键性内容。……

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