胡芳芳　贺明

摘 要 目的：了解徐汇区中学生艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为现状。方法：整群抽样对2所中学1 046名学生进行问卷调查。结果：艾滋病知识总知晓率为53.3%，高中生高于初中生，差异有统计学意义。获取艾滋病知识的主要途径为学校教育、网络、宣传材料、报纸杂志。有四成学生不抗拒与艾滋病患者的日常接触，对于因吸毒、不良性行为而感染艾滋病者，中学生持严重歧视态度，同情输血感染者。结论：中学生对于艾滋病相关知识的总体知晓度还较低，对于艾滋病感染者持歧视态度较严重，应有针对性地开展宣教。

关键词 艾滋病 知识 态度 歧视 中学生

中图分类号：R512.91 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2014）10-0051-03

ABSTRACT Objective： To investigate the attitude and behavior of middle school students to the AIDS related knowledge in Xuhui District. Methods： Ten hundred and forty-six students in two middle schools were investigated with the questionnaire by cluster sampling. Results： The total rate of AIDS knowledge awareness was 53.3%， and the rate in the senior school students was higher than in junior school students， whose difference had statistical significance （P = 0.002）. The main ways that students obtained the knowledge about AIDS were school education， network， promotional materials， newspapers and magazines. About 40% students did not resist the daily contact with AIDS patients. The students had serious discriminatory attitude toward the patients who were infected with HIV because of drug abuse and bad behaviour， but they were more sympathetic to the patients who were infected with HIV through blood transfusion. Conclusion： The overall awareness of AIDS-related knowledge of the middle school students is still relatively low， and they still hold more serious discriminatory attitudes towards the people with HIV. Therefore， the targeted AIDS health education should be conducted.

KEY WORDS AIDS； knowledge； attitude； discrimination； middle school students

为了解上海市徐汇区中学生艾滋病（AIDS）知识掌握和态度现状，为开展宣教提供依据，2013年9月，我们对辖区内2所中学开展了艾滋病相关问题的调查。

对象与方法

对象

随机抽取徐汇区2所中学（含初中和高中），分层整群抽样从每个年级抽取3个班级，班级内全部学生为调查对象。发放问卷1 124份，回收有效问卷1 046份，有效回收率93.1%。

方法

参照《中国艾滋病防治督导与评估框架（试行）》一文自行设计调查问卷，采用匿名自填问卷方式调查，当场检查问卷填写情况。调查内容包括艾滋病认知问答、对艾滋病患者的态度和观点。艾滋病认知包括8个问题，答对6题及以上为知晓，少于6题为不知晓。对HIV/AIDS态度和行为调查，将对艾滋病不歧视的态度和行为视为正确行为，反之视为错误行为。……