自发性脑叶出血的手术治疗方法和策略
2014-07-09余永强等
余永强等
【摘要】 目的:探讨自发性脑叶出血的手术治疗方法和策略,评估救治效果。方法:回顾总结60例脑叶出血手术患者,采用个体化手术方法的治疗经验,其中钻孔引流术19例,开颅手术41例。术前脑血管影像检查36例,手术时机3~6 h、6~12 h和>12 h的患者分别为19、23、18例。结果:
【关键词】 脑叶出血; 钻孔引流; 开颅手术; 手术时机
The Surgical Methods and Strategies on Spontaneous Brain Hemorrhage/YU Yong-qiang,LONG Qing-shan,LIANG Quan,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2014,11(16):011-015
【Abstract】 Objective: To explore the surgical methods and strategies on spontaneous brain hemorrhage. Method: According to individual operation experience, 60 brain hemorrhage surgery patients were retrospective summarized, 36 cases were given preoperative cerebral imaging, 60 patients were divided into two groups, 19 cases for drilling drainage group, 41 cases for surgical operation groups. According operation time, the patients were divided into three groups: 3-6 h, 6-12 h and >12 h group were respectively for 19, 23, 18 cases. Result: After surgery, hematoma loss was as high as 79.20%, postoperative rebleeding rate was 15.00%, postoperative rebleeding rate of 6-12 h and >12 h were obviously lower than 3-6 h surgical patients (P<0.05), but nerve function recover of 7 days, 4 weeks were worse than 3-6 h surgery (P<0.05), and significantly improved than preoperative and postoperative 1 day after surgery (P<0.05), followed up for 6-12 months, 28 cases recovered well (46.67%) and 20 cases moderate disability (33.33%), 6 cases severe disabilities (10.00%), plant survival for 1 case (1.67%), 2 cases died (3.33%), given up treatment for 3 cases (5.00%); ADL Ⅰfor 31 cases (50.67%), ADL Ⅱ for 17 cases (28.33%), ADL Ⅲ for 10 cases (16.67%), ADL Ⅳ for 2 cases (3.33%); surgery effective rate was as high as 96.67%. Conclusion: Operation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage should be given preoperative cerebrovascular imaging and used microscope, choose operation methods and strategies correctly by volume of hematoma, bleeding cause and location, it will get the best recovery effect on hemostasis operation and nerve function by the way of grasp operation time early but non- ultra early operation accurately.
【Key words】 Cerebral lobe hemorrhage; Drilling drainage; Surgical operation; Operation time
First-authors address:The Third Peoples Hospital of Huizhou,Huizhou 516002,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.16.004
自发性脑叶出血,即皮质下白质出血,是脑出血的一种特殊类型,占所有脑出血的10%左右[1-2]。脑叶出血有别于壳核出血和丘脑出血,术中及术后再出血的风险均较高。本院2009年1月-2013年12月共收治符合手术指征的脑叶出血患者60例,采用个体化手术方案进行治疗,取得了较好的临床效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 本组60例脑叶出血患者,其中,男38例,女22例;年龄18~88岁,其中,18~45岁28例,45岁以上32例;本组50例无高血压病史,10例有轻度高血压病史,脑动静脉畸形12例,动脉瘤7例,烟雾病4例,静脉畸形1例,脑瘤破裂出血2例,脑淀粉样变性3例,应用抗凝药物史4例。
1.2 临床特点 头痛、恶心呕吐35例,有意识障碍20例,有不同程度的肢体瘫痪30例,出现精神症状12例,语言障碍10例,癫痫样发作8例,偏盲6例。
1.3 影像学特点 60例患者全部经头颅CT确诊,额顶叶20例,颞叶25例,枕叶15例,出血破入侧脑室5例,伴蛛网膜下腔出血4例。共36例(60.00%)行脑血管影像检查(CTA、MRA或DSA),发现合并脑动静脉畸形12例,动脉瘤7例,烟雾病4例,静脉畸形1例。
1.4 治疗方法 根据血肿量的多少、出血部位、出血原因分别采用不同的个体化手术方案对患者进行治疗,其中钻孔引流术19例(31.67%)(硬通道6例、软通道13例),开颅手术41例(68.33%)(其中合并AVM切除12例、动脉瘤夹闭7例)。手……
