马莹++龚德勇

摘要 为充分利用黔西南州丰富的有机肥资源，有效克服早春低温和严重干旱天气对烤烟育苗及烟苗移栽定植成活的影响，进行了烤烟托盘浅水密播育苗及其膜下井窖小苗移栽配套技术研究。结果表明：烤烟托盘浅水密播育苗占地少，苗床期平均缩短30 d以上，节水效果好，可节约用苗成本1 296元/hm2。烤烟小苗膜下井窖移栽配套技术（先栽烟后盖膜）较常规移栽（先盖膜后栽烟）能提早移栽30 d以上，且烟苗缓苗期缩短、用水少、成活率高、生长快、苗健壮，增产240.5 kg/hm2，产值增加6 292.86元/hm2，对烤烟生产的节本增效起到了明显促进作用。

关键词 烤烟；密播育苗；移栽定植；配套技术

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2014）05-0009-03

Research on Tray Shallow Dense Sowing Seedling and Associated Transplanting Technology for Tobacco

CHEN Wei-lin 1 MA Ying 2 GONG De-yong 3 * DING Feng 2 LUO Xian 1 PAN Yong 1

（1 Qinglong Tobacco Branch Company of Qianxi′nan Prefecture in Guizhou Province，Qinglong Guizhou 561400； 2 Tobacco Branch Company of Qianxi′nan Prefecture in Guizhou Province； 3 Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops）

Abstract To fully take advantage of the abundant organic fertilizers and effectively overcome the impact of low temperature in early spring and severe drought on tobacco seedling and transplanting，the study on the tray shallow dense sowing and associated film covering seedling transplanting supporting technology was proposed. The results showed that tray shallow dense sowing nursery occupied less area，reduced seedbed more than 30 d，and saved considerable water. The seedling cost reduced by 1 296 yuan/hm2. The associated film covering tobacco seedling transplanting technique（planting first，covering film later），versus the traditional transplanting（covering film first，plating later），could transplant earlier by more than 30 d，with shortened rejuvenation period，less water，higher survival rate，faster growth，and more robust seedling. The yield was boosted by 240.5 kg/hm2 and increased the output by 6 292.86 yuan/hm2.Over all，the new technology had greatly promoted the efficacy and reduced the cost in tobacco production.

Key words tobacco；dense sowing seedling；transplanting；associated

发展优质烤烟生产是贯彻落实我国卷烟工业上水平和促进“532”和“461”品牌发展战略的关键环节和重要任务[1-2]。贵州省黔西南州是我国优质烤烟生产基地之一，为适应卷烟工业对烤烟原料质量结构需求的不断变化，烤烟专业化、集约化、标准化生产程度不断提升，特别是烤烟工厂化育苗、技术标准化管理及种、烤分离模式的探索运行与技术突破，烤烟生产呈现良好态势，生产效益不断提高[3-4]。其中工厂化漂浮育苗技术使主要烤烟产区商品化供苗覆盖率达到了90%以上，烤烟专业合作社使田间标准化管理覆盖率达到70%以上，种、烤分离模式运行覆盖率达到85%左右[5-8]。但是，黔西南州近年频繁出现的干旱、倒春寒、冰雹等极端灾害天气严重影响烤烟生产的产量和品质。……