新媒体背景下小说创作与受众认同
2014-04-29马慧茹
马慧茹
[摘要]在新媒体时代,小说创作从功能、受众到传播方式都深受影响。一方面,小说创作发展的空间和途径更为宽广自由;另一方面,量大质浅的小说正在销蚀受众的审美期待。但从小说本质及社会需求来看,小说创作的继续存在是十分必要的,而且意义重大,关键在于小说的主要功能是对社会存在的探索展现;小说对受众思想和情感具有积极的引导提升作用;小说在多种方式扩散下会投射受众情感,并获得受众心理认同,实现其承担社会责任、彰显人文关怀、提升审美愉悦感的价值和意义。
[关键词]新媒体; 小说创作;受众;认同
[中图分类号]I20742[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1000-3541(2014)03-0034-06
Abstract: The function, audience and the mode of transmission of Novel creation are influenced In the era of new media. On the one hand, the space and way of the development of novel creation have more broad ,more freedom; On the other hand, a Large amount of novels because quality is shallow are withering audiences aesthetic expectations. But think about the novel essence and social needs, the continued presence of novel creation is very necessary and is of great significance, the key lies in the novel's main function is to explore and reveal socials existence; novel affects thoughts and feelings of the audience actively; Novel is projected to spread the audience emotions in a variety of way, and obtains the audience psychological identity, to achieve its social responsibility, reflect humanistic care, enhance the value of aesthetic pleasure and meaning.
Key words:new media;novel creation;audience; identity
梁启超曾说过:“欲新一国之民,不可不先新一国之小说……。”可见,小说在社会文化重建方面之作用极其重要。随着历史的发展,小说在其社会功能、影响力与读者接受等方面都发生显著变化:从早期的娱乐和伦理教化功能到近代承载历史记忆和反映作家思想功能,再到现代展示提升受众审美情趣等价值功能;传播方式从口头到纸媒,再到电子、网络、数字等多媒体;受众也从大众到精英群体,再到扩散受众。可以说,小说这种传统文体已经从外在表现形式到内在艺术基质,呈现出越来越多样化和复杂化的转变。在新媒体时代,大众的阅读方式呈现数字化、网络化,纸质书(如小说)面临两难困境:一方面,是小说创作空间的自由化、浅泛化;另一方面,由于这种自由化倾向导致的小说创作市场化、作品娱乐性放大,文学的人文内涵、审美价值弱化。
