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氮肥用量对甘薯干物质积累和氮磷钾吸收的影响

2014-04-29陈娟等

农学学报 2014年3期

陈娟等

摘 要:在北京顺义区农科所基地开展田间试验,设置5个氮水平处理,研究不同氮肥用量对甘薯干物质积累及氮磷钾吸收效率的影响。结果表明:施氮量为210 kg/hm2时,甘薯的鲜薯产量达到最大值30.4 t/hm2;甘薯干物质积累量为21423 kg/hm2,氮磷钾累积值也达到最大;当施氮量超过210 kg/hm2时,干物质积累量随着施氮量的增加而不再增加,而呈平台反应;施氮量为210 kg/hm2时,甘薯磷、钾累积值也最大,分别是145.7 kg/hm2和247.4 kg/hm2。因此,本试验条件下甘薯的最佳氮肥用量为210 kg/hm2。

关键词:甘薯;干物质积累;氮磷钾吸收效率

中图分类号:S531 文献标志码:A 论文编号:2013-0642

Nitrogen Applying on Dry Matter Accumulation and N, P and K

Absorption Efficiencies of Sweet Potato

Chen Juan1, Qu Mingshan1, Guo Ning1, Chen Baohua1, Zhang Jing2, Zhang Huaiwen2, Liao Hong1

(1Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Working Station, Beijing 100029, China;

2Shunyi Institute of Agricultural Science in Beijing, Beijing 101300, China)

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at the station of Shunyi Agriculture Sciences Institute in Beijing. This study is about the effects of 5 levels of nitrogen applying on dry matter accumulation and N, P and K absorption efficiencies of sweet potato. It indicated that yield reached the highest value of 30.4 t/hm2 at N level of 210 kg/hm2, and the corresponding dry matter reached 21423 kg/hm2 and the P and K accumulations reached the highest values of 145.7 kg/hm2 and 247.4 kg/hm2. When the N level exceeded 210 kg/hm2, dry matter did not increase with the increase of N applying which showed a platform relationship. We can conclude that 210 kg/hm2 N was the optimum N level for sweet potato.

Key words: Sweet Potato; Dry Matter Accumulation; N, P and K Absorption Efficiencies

0 引言

甘薯是重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源,广泛种植于世界上100多个国家,在世界粮食生产中总产列第7位。中国甘薯种植面积和总产均居世界第一[1],每年种植面积约600万hm2,约占世界甘薯种植面积的65.4%,年生产量约1.2亿t,占世界甘薯总产量的85.9%[2]。甘薯具有产量高、用途广、适应性强、营养价值高的特点[3],也是重要的饲料和工业原料,是抗旱、抗盐碱土地的重要能源作物[4]。

已有的研究表明,甘薯是一种既耐肥、又抗瘠薄的块根作物,能满足其正常生长的氮素范围较大[5];但氮肥施用过量,不仅阻碍了甘薯光合产物向地下部分运输,收获指数也降低[6];甘薯的适宜施氮量与气候、土壤和品种类型有关,如Hill等[7]报道美国威斯康辛州甘薯适宜的氮肥用量为0~46 kg/hm2,姚宝全等[8]通过20余个田间试验得出福建省甘薯的最佳经济氮肥施用量为134 kg/hm2。

北京市甘薯种植主要集中在顺义、大兴、密云、延庆等区县。……

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