北京口岸进境植物疫情分析及建议
2014-04-29江丽辉等
江丽辉等
摘 要:2008—2012年间,北京口岸共截获有害生物3618种次,其中以2011年最多,达到1092种次,2008年奥运年最低为441种次。截获的有害生物中以昆虫种次最多,为1970种次,其次是真菌1161种次,线虫列第3位,285种次;截获的检疫性有害生物中,昆虫种次最多,93种次,其次是线虫,61种次,病毒(类病毒)排第3,18种次。检疫性昆虫截获率整体呈下降趋势,而检疫性线虫和病毒(类病毒)的截获数量和种次逐年呈明显上升趋势,疫情首次截获情况突出。对2008—2012年间北京口岸截获植物疫情进行统计分析,旨在为提高口岸检疫监管、降低外来有害生物传入风险和检验检疫科学决策提供参考。
关键词:北京口岸;有害生物;疫情分析;建议
中图分类号:S41-3 文献标志码:A 论文编号:2013-0487
Analysis and Advice on the Intercepted Epidemic Situation of Imported Plant in Beijing Port
Jiang Lihui1, Bian Yong1, Zhou Qi1, Lv Yufeng1, Deng Congliang1, Liang Linlin2
(1Beijing Inspection and Quarantine Testing Center, Beijing 100026, China;
2Patent Examination Cooperation Center of the Patent Office, Beijing 100083, China)
Abstract: From 2008 to 2012, 3618 species (times) pests had been intercepted in Beijing port during the past five years. The most species were 1092 species (times) pests in 2011, while there were only 441 species (times) in 2008 Olympic year. The dominant pests were insects with 1970 species (times), followed by fungi with 1161 species (times). The third were nematodes with 285 species (times). Among all of the quarantine pests, the dominant pests were insects with 93 species (times), followed by the nematodes with 61 species (times). The third category was virus (viroids). The quantity and species of insects had reduced year by year, while the quantity and species of nematodes and virus (viroids) had increased obviously year by year. Based on the analysis of the epidemic situation occurred in Beijing port from 2008 to 2012, suggestions were put forward for the improvement of port quarantine and supervision, the reduction of the invasion risk of the exotic pests and the reference of inspection and quarantine scientific decision-making.
Key words: Beijing Port; Pest; Epidemic Situation Analysis; Advice
0 引言
由于首都北京的特殊地位,汇集了大量科研机构和苗木、农产品进出口公司,长期以来,通过北京口岸向国内引种的种子苗木等繁殖材料的种类、数量始终处于全国第一的位置[1]。同时作为国际大都市,不少农产品也通过空运、陆运直接进入北京市场,给北京口岸带来较大的植物检疫压力[2]。
对于口岸疫情动态的研究,历来收到相关学者的重视,特别是从事口岸植物疫情检疫、有害生物鉴定、有害生物风险分析、有害生物疫情预测、防治等领域学者的重视[3]。研究者往往通过对口岸疫情动态的分析研究了解有害生物入侵状况[4],一些研究则通过疫情的变化情况指导口岸采取有针对性的措施,以确保疫情控制的有效性[5]。……
