薛树鹏等

摘 要：为研究辐照后大豆诱变后代的变异规律，对大豆‘科丰14和其20个60Coγ辐照诱变系主要农艺性状和品质性状进行测定和分析。结果表明：共有13个诱变系生育期延迟7天以上，16个诱变系在株高、主茎节数、茎粗、单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒重和单株产量等性状上呈显著变异，7个诱变系底荚高度有显著变异，4个诱变系蛋白质含量变异显著，6个诱变系脂肪含量变异显著，3个诱变系异黄酮含量变异显著。共有18个诱变系单株产量显著提高，分别有18个和11个诱变系的单株荚数和百粒重显著增加，分别有15个和7个诱变系的单荚粒数和百粒重显著减少。诱变系蛋白质含量呈下降趋势，脂肪、异黄酮含量呈上升趋势。各诱变系的农艺性状变异较大，品质性状变异较小。

关键词：辐照；主要农艺性状；品质性状；变异；比较分析

中图分类号：S565.1 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2013-0573

The Analysis of Main Agronomic and Quality Traits Variation of Mutation Lines

Derived from Soybean ‘Kefeng 14

Xue Shupeng， Guo Bei， Yang Liu， Zhang Jiao， Bai Hongdan， Chen Xuezhen， Xie Hao

（Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application/College of Plant Science and Technology，

Beijing University of Agriculture， Beijing 102206， China）

Abstract： In order to parse the law of traits variation of soybeans offspring after irradiation， the main agronomic and quality traits of soybean ‘Kefeng 14 and 20 mutation lines which were irradiated by 60Coγ ray derived from ‘Kefeng 14 were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the days of maturity of 13 mutation lines delayed more then 7 days. 16 mutation lines had significant variation in plant height， node number of main stem， main stem diameter， pods number of per plant， seed number of per pod， 100-seed weight and yield of per plant. There were significant variation appeared to bottom pod height and the content of protein， fat and isoflavone for 7， 4， 6 and 3 mutation lines， respectively. The yield of per plant， pod number of per plant and 100-seed weight was significant increased for 18， 18 and 11 mutation lines， respectively. The seed number of per pod and 100-seed weight was significant decreased for 15 and 7 mutation lines， respectively. The decreasing tendency of protein content and increasing tendency of fat and isoflavone content was observed in each mutation lines. The variation of agronomic traits was more than quality traits of all mutation lines.

Key words： Irradiation； Main Agronomic Traits； Quality Traits； Variation； Comparative Analysis

0 引言

大豆是人类食用蛋白质和油脂的重要来源，富含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物以及维生素等成分[1]。同时，大豆还含有微量物质异黄酮，异黄酮是大豆生长过程中形成的一种黄酮类的次生代谢物质，与人类雌激素结构相似，被认为有利于治疗和预防因雌激素水平下降引发的疾病，具有极大的开发潜力[2]。近年来，中国也选育出了一批优质品种，并且在生产上推广应用[3]。但随着大豆育种的快速发展，存在的问题也日益突出，优质、高产、多抗难以结合，遗传基础狭窄，突变难以发生，进而造成了品种退化加快，经济寿命缩短[4]。……