超高产棉田产量形成的主要因素剖析?
2014-04-29李家运李玉侠
李家运 李玉侠
摘要:通过2011~2013年连续三年在江苏丰县棉花“万亩”高产创建区内进行了棉花高产和超高产栽培示范和产量形成因素的调查与分析,结果表明:形成超高产棉田的主要因素是光热资源丰富、株行距配置合理、品种的产量潜力大、肥水运筹与棉花生育协调性好;超高产棉田表现成铃多、成铃率高、成铃协调和棉株透光性好等特点。
关键词:超高产棉田;产量形成;因素剖析
中图分类号:S562.048 文献标志码: A 文章编号:2095-3143(2014)05-0040-04
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2014.05.010
Analysis of the Main Factors of Yield Formation
in Super High-yielding Cotton Field
Li Jiayun,Li Yuxia
(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Fengxian in Jiangsu Province., Fengxian 221700,China)
Abstract:From 2011 to 2013,the author carried on the.high yield and super high-yielding cultivation demonstration,investigated and analyzed of the factors of yield formation for three consecutive years in "ten thousand mu" high-yielding creating area in Fengxian of Jiangsu province.Results showed that: the main factors in the formation of super high-yielding cotton field were these, abundant light and heat resources, spacing reasonable, potential high-yielding variety, application of fertilizer and water was good coordination of cotton growth;characteristics of super high-yielding cotton field were boll number, high rate of boll-setting, coordination and good light transmittance and so on.
Keywords:Super high-yielding cotton field;Yield formation;Analysis of factors
0引言
江苏省丰县从2009年开始承担农业部棉花“万亩”高产创建项目,是全国棉花“万亩”高产创建示范县之一,2011~2013年该县依托“万亩”高产创建示范区(以下简称示范区)项目的实施,开展了高产和超高产栽培示范,高产示范面积为3.5 hm2,超高产示范面积为0.3 hm2,示范品种均为创杂棉28。获得高产示范田三年平均的皮棉单产2503.5㎏/hm2,超高产示范田平均皮棉单产3158.6㎏/hm2好成绩;因此,作者通过超高产棉田的特征表现,剖析了超高产棉田产量形成的主要因素,旨在为各地实施棉花高产创建提供参考。
1超高产棉田的棉花特特征表现
1.1单位面积成铃多,成铃率高
从构成棉花产量的主要因子(表1)可看出,超高产棉田的总铃数、铃重、衣分较为协调,其总铃数达152.1万个/hm2,比高产田和示范区分别增加27.49%和42.82%;单铃重为5.01 g,与高产田相近,比示范区增加23.40%;衣分41.45%,与高产田和示范区相近。由此可见,不同产量水平之间的差距主要是单位面积的铃数。从农艺性状分析(表2)看出,不同产量水平棉田的密度、株高、果枝数和果节数较为接近,但单株铃数和成铃率的差距较大。……
