刘飞 周忠新 李宝强 李龙 王靖 孔令国 樊青峰

摘要 [目的]为研究控释尿素不同施用方法在小麦生产中的效果。[方法]在180 kg/hm2施氮量条件下，研究了控释尿素2种不同施用方法对小麦分蘖动态及产量构成因素的影响。[结果] 50%控释尿素作基肥+50%普通尿素作追肥，可以显著提高小麦穗粒数、穗数及产量，较农民习惯性施肥方式氮肥利用率有显著性提高；控释尿素全部作为基肥处理较基追比1∶1的普通尿素处理，产量无显著差异，但减少了小麦生产过程中的用工量。[结论]正确的施用控释尿素不但可以有效降低氮肥施用量，而且可以减少小麦生产过程中用工量。

关键词 控释尿素；施用方法；冬小麦；分蘖动态；产量构成因素

中图分类号 S512 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）26-08973-01

Effects of Application Methods of Controlled Release Urea on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

LIU Fei，ZHOU Zhong-xin et al （Shandong Province Linyi City Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Linyi， Shandong 276012）

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of different application methods of controlled release urea on wheat production. [Method] Under the condition of 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer， the influences of two different application methods of the controlled release urea on tiller dynamic and yield of wheat were studied. [Result] 50% controlled-release urea as base fertilizer and 50% urea as topdressing could significantly improve the grain number per spike， spike number and yield， and nitrogen use efficiency was improved significantly compared with farmer habitual fertilizer. Compared with the treatment of the ratio of base and topdressing 1∶1， controlled release urea as base fertilizer treatment had no significant difference in yield， but reduced the labor amount of wheat production. [Conclusion] The correct application method of controlled release urea could effectively reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer， and reduce the labor amount in the production process of wheat.

Key words Controlled release urea； Application method； Winter wheat； Tillering dynamic； Yield components

众所周知，氮肥在小麦生产中起着举足轻重的作用。农民在种植小麦过程中普遍存在氮肥施用过多的现象。过多的施用氮肥不但会降低氮肥利用效率，增加生产成本，而且会污染土壤、地下水资源，进而影响食品安全。许多研究表明，控释尿素可以显著提高小麦氮肥利用效率^[1-5]，降低氮肥施用量。但是，如何施用控释尿素才能达到好的利用效果，前人的研究还存在很多的不足。在180 kg/hm2施氮量条件下，笔者研究了控释尿素2种不同施用方法对小麦生长、产量的影响，旨在为控释尿素在小麦生产中的应用提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

选用高产优质小麦新品种临麦4号作为供试品种，于临沂市农业科学院试验农场进行。……