定制：关于挪威当代建筑

《世界建筑》的读者朋友，

本期《世界建筑》关注挪威建筑师。

斯堪的纳维亚建筑和北欧的社会体系一样，在当今世界上受到越来越多的重视。这里的一个明显的原因是，在人口日益稠密、资源日益短缺、环境日益恶化的全球压力下，北欧的情形几乎独善其身得令人妒忌：明媚的阳光，清洁的空气，丰富的淡水，相对均匀分配的财富，以及极少人工痕迹的自然——所有在世界上其他地方匮乏的，他们似乎都拥有得“太”多。

挪威是世界上最接近北极的国家，也在某些方面把北欧的特点发挥到了极致。近30年滚滚而来的石油财富非但未使挪威步入奢靡挥霍国家的阵营，反而在其清新的勤俭记忆与独特的政治经济角色（挪威不是欧元国家，不是欧盟成员，却是欧洲自由贸易协会和欧洲经济区的成员）作用下，造就了一种自足的平均社会。这一方面使财富更多地流向社会各方面的精细化提升，另一方面也使挪威的很多行业在高福利和高成本的约束下，难于深入地介入国际竞争。

至少对于建筑来讲，这使得挪威建筑师的创作在相当长的时间内享受着事实上的地域性，较少受全球化的影响。当别人不停地纠结于如何在全球化时代寻找自身识别性的困扰时，挪威建筑师在数十年来却是在自然而然地诠释着自己鲜明的识别性：独有的对自然（哪怕是严酷的自然）和天然的钟爱，以及通过天然与人工的亲密并置创造诗意的可能。

本期的主题“定制”所表述的正是挪威建筑师的这一诠释过程。□

张利

《世界建筑》主编（2013-）清华大学建筑学院教授

Dear Reader,

In this issue of World Architecture we focus on the recent works of Norwegian architects.

Scandinavian architecture has been in highlight in the world for a while, as well as Scandinavian social structure. An obvious cause to this is that the Northern European nations are enjoying a situation so desirable that it is being envied everywhere else: while the Scandinavians are having more than abundance of clean air, ample water, evenly distributed wealth, and the untouched nature, the rest of the world is crying out in their shortages.

Being the most northern country, Norway represents the Scandinavian character in extreme. Thirty years of pouring oil income hasn't driven Norwegians to lavish life styles. Instead, with the help of a fresh memory of frugality and a unique political-economic position (not being a member of the EU or the Euro zone, but a EFTA member therefore a EEA member), Norway has become a self-sustained modern society. A big chunk of the oil income goes to the qualitative improvements in multiple social aspects while in many trades, the Norwegians are kept away from international competition due to the high cost and high social welfare.

At least to Architecture, this isn't bad news at all. Norwegian architects have long been enjoying an un-distracted exploration of unmistakable identity, while architects from other countries struggle to keep or even to find their identities. Norwegian architects have never lost their preoccupations: the love of nature (even atrocious nature) and the naturemade, the immediate juxtaposition of the nature-made and the man-made, and the route to poetics of place through this juxtaposition.

The title of this issue "custom made", is exactly about the process of this exploration. □

Li (Brian) zhang

Editor-in-Chief (2013-), World Architecture Professor of Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University