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基于遗传算法的Pareto多目标配电网重构

2014-03-05向佳炜刘建华

现代电子技术 2014年4期

向佳炜+刘建华

摘 要: 配电网重构一般采用对单一目标优化,而配电网重构却是一个多目标优化问题。因此,在此提出了基于小生境思想的遗传算法,以配电网的经济性、安全性和供电可靠性为目标,并采用Pareto寻优方式,得出Pareto最优解集,实现了和以往不同的另一种寻优方式,即先寻优后决策。在寻优过程中,通过小生境环境和交叉率和变异率的自适应机制,提高了遗传算法的全局收敛能力和收敛速度,并通过算例验证了方法的有效性。

关键词: 配电网重构; 遗传算法; Pareto最优; 小生境

中图分类号: TN911?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2014)04?0149?04

Reconfiguration of Pareto multi?objective distribution network based on genetic algorithm

XIANG Jia?wei, LIU Jian?hua

(College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China)

Abstract:Distribution network reconfiguration is a multi?objective optimization project, but it is generally used for single?objective optimization. Therefore, a genetic algorithm based on the ecological niche idea is put forward in this paper to improve the distribution networks economical efficiency, security and power supply reliability, in which Pareto optimizing way is adopted to obtain Pareto optimal solution and realize a different optimizing way, i.e. optimization before decision. In the period of optimization, the global convergence ability and convergent velocity of the genetic algorithm was improved by the ecological niche environment, and self?adaptive mechanism of the crossing?over rate and mutation rate. The effectiveness of this approach was proved by a case study.

Keywords: distribution network reconfiguration; genetic algorithm; Pareto optimization; ecological niche

0 引 言

配电网重构是降低网损[1]、平衡负荷[2]和安全运行的重要并行之有效的方法之一。配电网采用闭环设计,开环运行,各节点间有分段开关,还有一部分联络开关,因此可以通过开关的不同组合,形成不同网络拓扑结构,以此提高配电网的经济性、安全性和供电可靠性。

目前,关于研究配电网重构的目标函数众多,但大多数都是以单一目标[3?4]作为目标函数进行配电网重构,而配电网重构是一个非线性多目标优化问题,重构之后的结果不仅仅只在某个方面进行改善,而应该是多个配电网指标都得到改善和提高。文献[5]中以网络损耗和负荷平衡为目的建立目标函数。然而通过加权将两个目标转化成一个目标函数求解,这样会导致目标函数朝着某一特定方向求解,降低解的空间,而且权重系数的选取有较强的主观性,缺乏客观依据。……

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