过去分词做表语用法阐释
2012-11-02王文荷
王文荷
过去分词做表语时,并无“完成”或“被动”之意,通常表示主语的感受或心理状态,过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如:She felt satisfied with her final?term examination result. 她对自己的期末考试成绩感到很满意。
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
Hearing the news, he looked disappointed. 听到这个消息,他看上去非常失望。
温馨提示:
一、 过去分词做表语与被动语态的区别:
① 过去分词做表语通常表示主语所处的状态,而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。
例如:The window is broken. 窗户是坏的。(过去分词做表语,表示状态)
The window was broken by my brother. 窗户是被我的兄弟打破的。(被动语态,表示动作)
All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。(过去分词做表语,表示状态)
All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态,表示动作)
② 过去分词做表语除了用于系动词be后,还常用于其他系动词如get, become,grow,remain, sound, turn等后, 而被动语态无此用法。
③ 有些过去分词只用作表语,不表被动,这些过去分词已经基本上形容词化了。
例如:I dont know where I am. Im lost. 我不知道自己在何处。我迷路了。
二、 同一动词的过去分词与现在分词做表语时的区别:
过去分词做表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思,而现在分词做表语多表示主语具有的特征,含有主动的意思。这类动词常见的有:amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; inter?
esting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
例如:They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音感到很害怕。
The story was very frightening. 这个故事很令人害怕。
All the people present were moved to tears. 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。
His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。
三、 做表语的过去分词,有的已经变成形容词,如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等,可以被very, too等副词修饰;但有的如amused, puzzled, relaxed等不能被very, too修饰,只能被much修饰。
例如: I was very pleased with his performance. 我对他的表现非常满意。
We are much puzzled by his failure to reply.他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。……
