刘谦民 庞飞 周玉宝 阴明德

[摘要] 目的 对院前死亡患者的临床特点进行分析。 方法 对笔者所在医院急诊科自2003年1月～2011年12月收治的院前死亡患者339例的性别、年龄、季节及死亡原因进行回顾性分析。 结果 男性占70.79%，女性占29.20%。男女之比为2.42∶1。40～70岁为院前死亡的高发年龄，占全部病例的52.5%，死亡高峰时间段为上午8～12点，冬季和春季是猝死的发生率较高的季节，死亡原因第一位的是心血管疾病占25.66%，其次为交通事故占23.89%，脑血管疾病排第三位占13.56%。 结论 院前死亡以男性多见，心血管病和交通事故为主要死亡原因。

[关键词] 院前死亡；院前急救；、死亡原因；猝死

[中图分类号] R743.3???[文献标识码] B???[文章编号] 2095-0616（2012）15-191-02

Analysis of?339 cases in prehospital deaths in emergency

LIU?Qianmin??PANG?Fei??ZHOU?Yubao??YIN?Mingde

Department of Emergency, the Chinese People's Liberation Army 264th Hospital, Taiyuan 030001,China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of pre-hospital deaths. Methods The gender, age, season, and the cause of death of 339 cases from January 2003 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed in our emergency department of our hospital. Results The essential statistics of the 339 cases were as follow. The gender ratio was 2.42:1(male:70.79%, female: 29.20%). The age of high mortality rate was between 40 to 70 years, accounting for 52.5%. The death peak time period was 8 to 12 in the morning，and a high incidence of sudden death occurred in the winter and spring. The main cause of death was cardiovascular diseases (accounting for 25.66%), followed by traffic accidents and cerebrovascular disease whose shares were 23.89% and 13.56%, respectively. Conclusion Pre-hospital deaths occurred highly in male, and the main reasons of the mortality were cardiovascular diseases and traffic accidents.

[Key words] Pre-hospital deaths; Pre-hospital medical cares; Cause of death; Sudden death

院前死亡是指患者在未来得及到达医院就诊前，由于各种原因（包括各种创伤和非创伤因素）引起突发呼吸心跳骤停或短时间内迅速发生的死亡。如何提高院前突发事件患者的抢救成功率，减少院前死亡事件的发生，是院前急救医学研究工作的一个重要课题。笔者所在医院急诊科自2003年1月～2011年12月共收治院前死亡患者339例，现对其临床相关特点做如下分析。

1?资料与方法

1.1?一般资料

选择笔者所在科室2003年1月～2011年12月救治的339例院前死亡病例，急救医师对每位院前死亡病例均填写《264医院急诊抢救记录》。

1.2?研究方法

就院前死亡病例的年龄、性别、死亡时间、季节、死亡原因等进行回顾性分析，同时将本研究结果和相关文献报道的结果进行比较。

1.3?院前死亡诊断标准

经医生检查发现患者意识丧失、瞳孔散大、光反射消失、呼吸、心跳停止、大动脉无搏动、血压为0、四肢冰冷确定为院前死亡。……