日孜旺古丽·苏皮 李克梅 沙度哈西 凯撒·苏来曼

摘要：为摸清伊贝母菌核病在伊犁巩留县的发生规律，为开展综合防治提供依据，通过田间调查及室内分离培养等方法，确定伊贝母菌核病病原为Stromatinia rapulum (Bull)Boud，属于子囊菌亚门、盘菌纲、柔膜菌目核盘菌科、座盘菌属。病原在15～20 ℃条件下培养，第10天开始产生菌核,在20 ℃时产生的菌核数量最多。4月底至五月中旬均可发生，在低温多湿、地势低洼、排水不良的条件下极易发生。以菌丝或菌核在土壤病残体或病鳞茎上存活，成为初次侵染。

关键词：伊贝母；菌核病；症状；病原鉴定；发生规律；新疆

中图分类号：S436.421.2 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006－6500.2012.03.036

Primary Study of Sclerotiniose on Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek in Xinjiang

Riziwanguli Supi1, LI Ke-mei1，Shaduhaxi2, Kaisa Sulaiman3

（1.Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi ,Xinjiang 830052，China; 2. Xinjiang Yili Region Agricultural Technology Extention Centre,Yili ,Xinjiang 835005,China ;3. National medicine Institute of Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi ,Xinjiang 830002，China）

Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ: In order to provide bases for integrated control , the sclerotiniose disease of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek were investigated by the methods of field investigation as well as indoor isolating and culturing . Results showed that pathogen of sclerotiniose disease of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek was Stromatinia rapulum (Bull)Boud，which was belong to Ascomycotion, Discomycete, Helotiales, Sclerotiniaceae, Stromatinia Fritillaria. Sclerotium was produced under temperature of 15～20 ℃ after cultured 10 days, and the most suitable temperature was 20 ℃. The sclerotiniose disease of Siberian fritillary bulb occurred during the end of April and middle of May. Low temperature and high damp, low-lying parts along with impeded drainage extremely geared up the occurrence of the disease. Siberian fritillary bulb survived in soil or plant debris by hypha or sclerotium, and becomed primary infection later.

Key words: Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek; sclerotiniose ; identification of pathogen;regularity of outbreak;Xinjiang

伊贝母( Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim)为百合科多年生草本植物,常用中药材。药用部分为鳞茎，以干燥鳞茎入药,具有止咳、化痰、清热润肺、降气、解郁等功效。主治慢性支气管炎、百日咳、胃溃疡、久咳、气急、疮痛、肺痨、咽燥等症[1-8]。伊贝母为伊犁地区独有的品种，均有大面积栽培。随着伊贝母种植区域的扩大,病虫害发生的种类也逐年增多,发生区域逐年扩大,病虫害为害严重程度逐年加重,已成为伊贝母产业发展的主要问题。尤其是菌核病田间发病率达到50%以上,对贝母产量造成很大影响。目前，新疆地区对贝母菌核病的症状及病原菌尚未见系统性研究报道，本研究进行了系统调查，为开展综合防治提供依据。

1材料和方法

1.1调查时间和地点

调查时间在2010年和2011年的4—6月。调查地点为伊犁巩留县莫合尔乡种植贝母区。

1.2调查方法

按每667 m2选5个采样点，每点15株，随机取样调查。……